非常感谢qlb1234的回复，我还有几个疑问：
1. 打開一箇命令行窗口  这个操作是在windows下的cmd.exe命令行，而不是linux下的终端命令行吧？
2. 如何将將MPLAB X IDE自帶的GNU工具的路徑和編譯器的路徑加入到環境變量PATH裏？
3. 如果我在MPLAB X IDE 里编译一个项目会出现这样的以下提示，我需要用到的命令是哪些呢？
    make -f nbproject/Makefile-default.mk SUBPROJECTS= .build-conf
make[1]: Entering directory `F:/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X'
make  -f nbproject/Makefile-default.mk dist/default/production/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X.production.hex
make[2]: Entering directory `F:/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X'
"C:Program FilesMicrochipxc8v1.33inxc8.exe" --pass1  --chip=12F1822 -Q -G --asmlist  --double=24 --float=24 --opt=default,+asm,-asmfile,+speed,-space,-debug --addrqual=ignore --mode=free -P -N255 --warn=0 --summary=default,-psect,-class,+mem,-hex,-file --output=default,-inhx032 --runtime=default,+clear,+init,-keep,-no_startup,+osccal,-resetbits,-download,-stackcall,+clib --output=-mcof,+elf "--errformat=%%f:%%l: error: %%s" "--warnformat=%%f:%%l: warning: %%s" "--msgformat=%%f:%%l: advisory: %%s"  -obuild/default/production/_ext/1472/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM_Example.p1  ../12F1822_I2C_EEPROM_Example.c
"C:Program FilesMicrochipxc8v1.33inxc8.exe"  --chip=12F1822 -G --asmlist -mdist/default/production/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X.production.map  --double=24 --float=24 --opt=default,+asm,-asmfile,+speed,-space,-debug --addrqual=ignore --mode=free -P -N255 --warn=0 --summary=default,-psect,-class,+mem,-hex,-file --output=default,-inhx032 --runtime=default,+clear,+init,-keep,-no_startup,+osccal,-resetbits,-download,-stackcall,+clib --output=-mcof,+elf "--errformat=%%f:%%l: error: %%s" "--warnformat=%%f:%%l: warning: %%s" "--msgformat=%%f:%%l: advisory: %%s"   -odist/default/production/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X.production.elf  build/default/production/_ext/1472/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM_Example.p1     
Microchip MPLAB XC8 C Compiler (Free Mode) V1.33
Part Support Version: 1.33 (A)
Copyright (C) 2014 Microchip Technology Inc.
License type: Node Configuration

:: warning: Omniscient Code Generation not available in Free mode

Memory Summary:
    Program space        used   1C9h (   457) of   800h words   ( 22.3%)
    Data space           used    3Ch (    60) of    80h bytes   ( 46.9%)
    EEPROM space         used     0h (     0) of   100h bytes   (  0.0%)
    Data stack space     used     0h (     0) of    3Ch bytes   (  0.0%)
    Configuration bits   used     2h (     2) of     2h words   (100.0%)
    ID Location space    used     0h (     0) of     4h bytes   (  0.0%)


Running this compiler in PRO mode, with Omniscient Code Generation enabled,
produces code which is typically 40% smaller than in Free mode.
The MPLAB XC8 PRO compiler output for this code could be 182 words smaller.
See http://microchip.com for more information.

make[2]: Leaving directory `F:/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X'
make[1]: Leaving directory `F:/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X'

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 4s)
Loading code from F:/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X/dist/default/production/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X.production.hex...
Loading symbols from F:/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X/dist/default/production/12F1822_I2C_EEPROM.X.production.elf...
Loading completed