/* System Clocks Configuration */
  RCC_Configuration();

  /* GPIO Configuration */
  GPIO_Configuration();

  /* TIM1 Configuration ---------------------------------------------------
   TIM1CLK = SystemCoreClock, Prescaler = 0, TIM1 counter clock = SystemCoreClock
   SystemCoreClock is set to 72 MHz for Low-density, Medium-density, High-density
   and Connectivity line devices and to 24 MHz for Low-Density Value line and
   Medium-Density Value line devices
   
   The objective is to generate 7 PWM signal at 17.57 KHz:
     - TIM1_Period = (SystemCoreClock / 17570) - 1
   The channel 1 and channel 1N duty cycle is set to 50%
   The Timer pulse is calculated as follows:
     - ChannelxPulse = DutyCycle * (TIM1_Period - 1) / 100
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------- */
  /* Compute the value to be set in ARR regiter to generate signal frequency at 17.57 Khz */
  TimerPeriod = (SystemCoreClock / 17570 ) - 1;
  /* Compute CCR1 value to generate a duty cycle at 50% for channel 1 and 1N */
  Channel1Pulse = (uint16_t) (((uint32_t) 5 * (TimerPeriod - 1)) / 10);
  /* Time Base configuration */
  TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 0;
  TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
  TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = TimerPeriod;
  TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0;
  TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_RepetitionCounter = 0;

  TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM1, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);

  /* Channel 1 Configuration in PWM mode */
  TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM2;
  TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
  TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputNState = TIM_OutputNState_Enable;
  TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = Channel1Pulse;
  TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_Low;
  TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCNPolarity = TIM_OCNPolarity_High;
  TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCIdleState = TIM_OCIdleState_Set;
  TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCNIdleState = TIM_OCIdleState_Reset;

  TIM_OC1Init(TIM1, &TIM_OCInitStructure);

  /* TIM1 counter enable */
  TIM_Cmd(TIM1, ENABLE);

  /* TIM1 Main Output Enable */
  TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(TIM1, ENABLE);
--------------------------------------------------------------------
以上是官方例程，请参考！
楼主确实IO初始化和  TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(TIM1, ENABLE);
不妨试试！
另外，仿真和脱机运行会不一致是正常的！