/*
程序名称： 温显万年历
编写者： 芯腾
电子 http://shop35968526.taobao.com
程序操作： 把LCD1602连接到学习板上；连接J11，J10的4和6，3和5使能DS1302；使用杜邦线连接J7的中间线与J8的中间线使能18B20；连接18B20模块。
程序效果： LCD1602会变成可以显示年月日时分秒，温度的万年历，使用S19-22调节，S19-选择调节项目，S20-加1，S21-减1，S22-确定
*/
#include <REG51.H>
#include <intrins.h>
#define uint unsigned int
#define uchar unsigned char
sbit DS1302_CLK = P3^6; //实时时钟时钟线引脚
sbit DS1302_IO = P3^7; //实时时钟数据线引脚
sbit DS1302_RST = P1^4; //实时时钟复位线引脚
sbit ACC0 = ACC^0;
sbit ACC7 = ACC^7;
char hide_sec,hide_min,hide_hour,hide_day,hide_week,hide_month,hide_year; //秒,分,时到日,月,年位闪的计数
sbit Set = P2^0; //模式切换键
sbit Up = P2^1; //加法按钮
sbit Down = P2^2; //减法按钮
sbit out = P2^3; //立刻跳出调整模式按钮
sbit DQ = P3^5; //温度传送数据IO口
char done,count,temp,flag,up_flag,down_flag;
uchar temp_value; //温度值
uchar TempBuffer[5],week_value[2];
void show_
time(); //液晶显示程序
/***********1602液晶显示部分子程序****************/
sbit LcdRs = P1^0; //LCD1602的RS，RW，E端口设定
sbit LcdRw = P1^1;
sbit LcdEn = P1^2;
sfr DBPort = 0x80; //P0=0x80,P1=0x90,P2=0xA0,P3=0xB0.数据端口
//内部等待函数************************************
unsigned char LCD_Wait(void)
{
LcdRs=0;
LcdRw=1; _nop_();
LcdEn=1; _nop_();
LcdEn=0;
return DBPort;
}
//向LCD写入命令或数据*****************************
#define LCD_COMMAND 0 // Command
#define LCD_DATA 1 // Data
#define LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN 0x01 // 清屏
#define LCD_HOMING 0x02 // 光标返回原点
void LCD_Write(bit style, unsigned char input)
{
LcdEn=0;
LcdRs=style;
LcdRw=0; _nop_();
DBPort=input; _nop_(); //注意顺序
LcdEn=1; _nop_(); //注意顺序
LcdEn=0; _nop_();
LCD_Wait();
}
//设置显示模式************************************
#define LCD_SHOW 0x04 //显示开
#define LCD_HIDE 0x00 //显示关
#define LCD_CURSOR 0x02 //显示光标
#define LCD_NO_CURSOR 0x00 //无光标
#define LCD_FLASH 0x01 //光标闪动
#define LCD_NO_FLASH 0x00 //光标不闪动
void LCD_SetDisplay(unsigned char DisplayMode)
{
LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x08|DisplayMode);
}
//设置输入模式************************************
#define LCD_AC_UP 0x02
#define LCD_AC_DOWN 0x00 // default
#define LCD_MOVE 0x01 // 画面可平移
#define LCD_NO_MOVE 0x00 //default
void LCD_SetInput(unsigned char InputMode)
{
LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x04|InputMode);
}
//初始化LCD***************************************
void LCD_Initial()
{
LcdEn=0;
LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38); //8位数据端口,2行显示,5*7点阵
LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38);
LCD_SetDisplay(LCD_SHOW|LCD_NO_CURSOR); //开启显示, 无光标
LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN); //清屏
LCD_SetInput(LCD_AC_UP|LCD_NO_MOVE); //AC递增, 画面不动
}
//液晶字符输入的位置******************************
void GotoXY(unsigned char x, unsigned char y)
{
if(y==0)
LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|x);
if(y==1)
LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|(x-0x40));
}
//将字符输出到液晶显示
void Print(unsigned char *str)
{
while(*str!=' ')
{
LCD_Write(LCD_DATA,*str);
str++;
}
}
/***********DS1302时钟部分子程序******************/
typedef struct __SYSTEMTIME__
{
unsigned char Second;
unsigned char Minute;
unsigned char Hour;
unsigned char Week;
unsigned char Day;
unsigned char Month;
unsigned char Year;
unsigned char DateString[11];
unsigned char TimeString[9];
}SYSTEMTIME; //定义的时间类型
SYSTEMTIME CurrentTime;
#define AM(X) X
#define PM(X) (X+12) // 转成24小时制
#define DS1302_SECOND 0x80 //时钟
芯片的寄存器位置,存放时间
#define DS1302_MINUTE 0x82
#define DS1302_HOUR 0x84
#define DS1302_WEEK 0x8A
#define DS1302_DAY 0x86
#define DS1302_MONTH 0x88
#define DS1302_YEAR 0x8C
void DS1302InputByte(unsigned char d) //实时时钟写入一字节(内部函数)
{
unsigned char i;
ACC = d;
for(i=8; i>0; i--)
{
DS1302_IO = ACC0; //相当于汇编中的 RRC
DS1302_CLK = 1;
DS1302_CLK = 0;
ACC = ACC >> 1;
}
}
unsigned char DS1302OutputByte(void) //实时时钟读取一字节(内部函数)
{
unsigned char i;
for(i=8; i>0; i--)
{
ACC = ACC >>1; //相当于汇编中的 RRC
ACC7 = DS1302_IO;
DS1302_CLK = 1;
DS1302_CLK = 0;
}
return(ACC);
}
void Write1302(unsigned char ucAddr, unsigned char ucDa) //ucAddr: DS1302地址, ucData: 要写的数据
{
DS1302_RST = 0;
DS1302_CLK = 0;
DS1302_RST = 1;
DS1302InputByte(ucAddr); // 地址，命令
DS1302InputByte(ucDa); // 写1Byte数据
DS1302_CLK = 1;
DS1302_RST = 0;
}
unsigned char Read1302(unsigned char ucAddr) //读取DS1302某地址的数据
{
unsigned char ucData;
DS1302_RST = 0;
DS1302_CLK = 0;
DS1302_RST = 1;
DS1302InputByte(ucAddr|0x01); // 地址，命令
ucData = DS1302OutputByte(); // 读1Byte数据
DS1302_CLK = 1;
DS1302_RST = 0;
return(ucData);
}
void DS1302_GetTime(SYSTEMTIME *Time) //获取时钟芯片的时钟数据到自定义的结构型数组
{
unsigned char ReadValue;
ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);
Time->Second =((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);
ReadValue =Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE);
Time->Minute =((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);
ReadValue =Read1302(DS1302_HOUR);
Time->Hour = ((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);
ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_DAY);
Time->Day =((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);
ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_WEEK);
Time->Week =((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);
ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_MONTH);
Time->Month =((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);
ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_YEAR);
Time->Year =((ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);
}
void DateToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time) //将时间年,月,日,星期数据转换成液晶显示字符串,放到数组里DateString[]
{ if(hide_year<2) //这里的if,else语句都是判断位闪烁,<2显示数据,>2就不显示,输出字符串为 2007/07/22
{
Time->DateString[0] = '2';
Time->DateString[1] = '0';
Time->DateString[2] = Time->Year/10 + '0';
Time->DateString[3] = Time->Year%10 + '0';
}
else
{
Time->DateString[0] = ' ';
Time->DateString[1] = ' ';
Time->DateString[2] = ' ';
Time->DateString[3] = ' ';
}
Time->DateString[4] = '/';
if(hide_month<2)
{
Time->DateString[5] = Time->Month/10 + '0';
Time->DateString[6] = Time->Month%10 + '0';
}
else
{
Time->DateString[5] = ' ';
Time->DateString[6] = ' ';
}
Time->DateString[7] = '/';
if(hide_day<2)
{
Time->DateString[8] = Time->Day/10 + '0';
Time->DateString[9] = Time->Day%10 + '0';
}
else
{
Time->DateString[8] = ' ';
Time->DateString[9] = ' ';
}
if(hide_week<2)
{
week_value[0] = Time->Week%10 + '0'; //星期的数据另外放到 week_value[]数组里,跟年,月,日的分开存放,因为等一下要在最后显示
}
else
{
week_value[0] = ' ';
}
week_value[1] = ' ';
Time->DateString[10] = ' '; //字符串末尾加 ' ' ,判断结束字符
}
void TimeToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time) //将时,分,秒数据转换成液晶显示字符放到数组 TimeString[];
{ if(hide_hour<2)
{
Time->TimeString[0] = Time->Hour/10 + '0';
Time->TimeString[1] = Time->Hour%10 + '0';
}
else
{
Time->TimeString[0] = ' ';
Time->TimeString[1] = ' ';
}
Time->TimeString[2] = ':';
if(hide_min<2)
{
Time->TimeString[3] = Time->Minute/10 + '0';
Time->TimeString[4] = Time->Minute%10 + '0';
}
else
{
Time->TimeString[3] = ' ';
Time->TimeString[4] = ' ';
}
Time->TimeString[5] = ':';
if(hide_sec<2)
{
Time->TimeString[6] = Time->Second/10 + '0';
Time->TimeString[7] = Time->Second%10 + '0';
}
else
{
Time->TimeString[6] = ' ';
Time->TimeString[7] = ' ';
}
Time->DateString[8] = ' ';
}
void Initial_DS1302(void) //时钟芯片初始化
{
unsigned char Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);
if(Second&0x80) //判断时钟芯片是否关闭
{
Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许
Write1302(0x8c,0x07); //以下写入初始化时间 日期:07/07/25.星期: 3. 时间: 23:59:55
Write1302(0x88,0x07);
Write1302(0x86,0x25);
Write1302(0x8a,0x07);
Write1302(0x84,0x23);
Write1302(0x82,0x59);
Write1302(0x80,0x55);
Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入
}
}
/***********ds18b20子程序*************************/
/***********ds18b20延迟子函数（晶振12MHz ）*******/
void delay_18B20(unsigned int i)
{
while(i--);
}
/**********ds18b20初始化函数**********************/
void Init_DS18B20(void)
{
unsigned char x=0;
DQ = 1; //DQ复位
delay_18B20(8); //稍做延时
DQ = 0; //
单片机将DQ拉低
delay_18B20(80); //精确延时 大于 480us
DQ = 1; //拉高总线
delay_18B20(14);
x=DQ; //稍做延时后 如果x=0则初始化成功 x=1则初始化失败
delay_18B20(20);
}
/***********ds18b20读一个字节**************/
unsigned char ReadOneChar(void)
{
uchar i=0;
uchar dat = 0;
for (i=8;i>0;i--)
{
DQ = 0; // 给脉冲信号
dat>>=1;
DQ = 1; // 给脉冲信号
if(DQ)
dat|=0x80;
delay_18B20(4);
}
return(dat);
}
/*************ds18b20写一个字节****************/
void WriteOneChar(uchar dat)
{
unsigned char i=0;
for (i=8; i>0; i--)
{
DQ = 0;
DQ = dat&0x01;
delay_18B20(5);
DQ = 1;
dat>>=1;
}
}
/**************读取ds18b20当前温度************/
void ReadTemp(void)
{
unsigned char a=0;
unsigned char b=0;
unsigned char t=0;
Init_DS18B20();
WriteOneChar(0xCC); // 跳过读序号列号的操作
WriteOneChar(0x44); // 启动温度转换
delay_18B20(100); // this message is wery important
Init_DS18B20();
WriteOneChar(0xCC); //跳过读序号列号的操作
WriteOneChar(0xBE); //读取温度寄存器等（共可读9个寄存器） 前两个就是温度
delay_18B20(100);
a=ReadOneChar(); //读取温度值低位
b=ReadOneChar(); //读取温度值高位
temp_value=b<<4;
temp_value+=(a&0xf0)>>4;
}
void temp_to_str() //温度数据转换成液晶字符显示
{
TempBuffer[0]=temp_value/10+'0'; //十位
TempBuffer[1]=temp_value%10+'0'; //个位
TempBuffer[2]=0xdf; //温度符号
TempBuffer[3]='C';
TempBuffer[4]=' ';
}
void Delay1ms(unsigned int count)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
for(j=0;j<120;j++);
}
/*延时子程序*/
void mdelay(uint delay)
{ uint i;
for(;delay>0;delay--)
{for(i=0;i<62;i++) //1ms延时.
{;}
}
}
void outkey() //跳出调整模式,返回默认显示
{ uchar Second;
if(out==0)//||wireless_1==1)
{ mdelay(8);
count=0;
hide_sec=0,hide_min=0,hide_hour=0,hide_day=0,hide_week=0,hide_month=0,hide_year=0;
Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);
Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许
Write1302(0x80,Second&0x7f);
Write1302(0x8E,0x80); //禁止写入
done=0;
while(out==0);
//while(wireless_1==1);
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Upkey()//升序按键
{
Up=1;
if(Up==0)//||wireless_2==1)
{
mdelay(8);
switch(count)
{case 1:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); //读取秒数
temp=temp+1; //秒数加1
up_flag=1; //数据调整后更新标志
if((temp&0x7f)>59) //超过59秒,清零
temp=0;
break;
case 2:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE); //读取分数
temp=temp+1; //分数加1
up_flag=1;
if(temp>59) //超过59分,清零
temp=0;
break;
case 3:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_HOUR); //读取小时数
temp=temp+1; //小时数加1
up_flag=1;
if(temp>23) //超过23小时,清零
temp=0;
break;
case 4:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_WEEK); //读取星期数
temp=temp+1; //星期数加1
up_flag=1;
if(temp>7)
temp=1;
break;
case 5:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_DAY); //读取日数
temp=temp+1; //日数加1
up_flag=1;
if(temp==0x0a)
temp=0x10;
if(temp==0x1a)
temp=0x20;
if(temp>0x2b)
temp=1;
break;
case 6:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_MONTH); //读取月数
temp=temp+1; //月数加1
up_flag=1;
if(temp>12)
temp=1;
break;
case 7:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_YEAR); //读取年数
temp=temp+1; //年数加1
up_flag=1;
if(temp>0x85)
temp=0;
break;
default:break;
}
while(Up==0);
//while(wireless_2==1);
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void Downkey()//降序按键
{
Down=1;
if(Down==0)//||wireless_3==1)
{
mdelay(8);
switch(count)
{case 1:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); //读取秒数
temp=temp-1; //秒数减1
down_flag=1; //数据调整后更新标志
if(temp==0x7f) //小于0秒,返回59秒
temp=59;
break;
case 2:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE); //读取分数
temp=temp-1; //分数减1
down_flag=1;
if(temp==-1)
temp=59; //小于0秒,返回59秒
break;
case 3:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_HOUR); //读取小时数
temp=temp-1; //小时数减1
down_flag=1;
if(temp==-1)
temp=23;
break;
case 4:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_WEEK); //读取星期数
temp=temp-1; //星期数减1
down_flag=1;
if(temp==0)
temp=7;
break;
case 5:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_DAY); //读取日数
temp=temp-1; //日数减1
down_flag=1;
if(temp==0x10)
temp=0x0a;
if(temp==0x20)
temp=0x1a;
if(temp==0)
temp=0x2b;
break;
case 6:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_MONTH); //读取月数
temp=temp-1; //月数减1
down_flag=1;
if(temp==0)
temp=12;
break;
case 7:
temp=Read1302(DS1302_YEAR); //读取年数
temp=temp-1; //年数减1
down_flag=1;
if(temp==-1)
temp=0x85;
break;
default:break;
}
while(Down==0);
//while(wireless_3==1);
}
}
void Setkey()//模式选择按键
{
Set=1;
if(Set==0)//||wireless_4==1)
{
mdelay(8);
count=count+1; //Setkey按一次,count就加1
done=1; //进入调整模式
while(Set==0);
//while(wireless_4==1);
}
}
void keydone()//按键功能执行
{ uchar Second;
if(flag==0) //关闭时钟,停止计时
{ Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许
temp=Read1302(0x80);
Write1302(0x80,temp|0x80);
Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入
flag=1;
}
Setkey(); //扫描模式切换按键
switch(count)
{case 1:do //count=1,调整秒
{
outkey(); //扫描跳出按钮
Upkey(); //扫描加按钮
Downkey(); //扫描减按钮
if(up_flag==1||down_flag==1) //数据更新，重新写入新的数据
{
Write1302(0x8e,0x00); //写入允许
Write1302(0x80,temp|0x80); //写入新的秒数
Write1302(0x8e,0x80); //禁止写入
up_flag=0;
down_flag=0;
}
hide_sec++; //位闪计数
if(hide_sec>3)
hide_sec=0;
{var%20f='http://v.t.sina.com.cn/share/share.php?appkey=1515056452',u=z||d.location,p=['&url=',e(u),'&title=',e(t||d.title),'&source=',e(r),'&sourceUrl=',e(l),'&content=',c||'gb2312','&pic=',e(p||'')].join('');function%20a(){if(!window.open([f,p].join(''),'mb',['toolbar=0,status=0,resizable=1,width=440,height=430,left=',(s.width-440)/2,',top=',(s.height-430)/2].join('')))u.href=[f,p].join('');};if(/Firefox/.test(navigator.userAgent))setTimeout(a,0);else%20a();})(screen,document,encodeURIComponent,'','','https://www.xiaopingtou.cn/data/attach/logo/logo.png', '推荐 丁一凡 的问题《单片机（求助怎样让秒显示准时）》','https://www.xiaopingtou.net/q-50297.html','页面编码gb2312|utf-8默认gb2312'));){kind=link}
想要时间准确的话
首先，你要知道你用的单片机的CPU 的准确的时序，就是一个指令周期是多少 一个机器周期是多少，有必要的话 一些延时可以嵌入汇编程序去写
其次，加上补偿程序，定时的给你的时钟加补偿，拟补由于运行时间长产生的秒级的误差
最后，就是测试了 准不准只有靠这个
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