华为三层交换机

2019-04-13 20:28发布

站内文章 / 模拟电子
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三层交换学习目的：
  • 了解三层交换的意义
  • 理解三层交换与路由的异同点
  • 掌握vlanif的配置方法
  • 掌握valn之间实现通讯的配置方法
  • 掌握vlanif之间配置OSPF的方法
拓扑图：        wKiom1O4vVTwALB9AAJaeV_0H9M695.jpg 场景：         你是公司的网络管理员。当前网络中有四个用户。S3、R1、R3与S4模拟为公司用户。分属于不同的vlan，定义S3属于vlan3、R1属于vlan4、R3属于vlan6、S4属于vlan7，实现vlan之间的互通。同时由于S1与S2之间使用三层链路实现互通，所以需要使用路由协议实现路由信息的互相学习。学习任务步骤一.S1与S2之间的链路配置成eth-trunk链路实验之前，需要关闭部分实验设备接口与，避免影响本次试验。         本次实验需要关闭S3的E0/0/1、E0/0/23接口，另外需要关闭S4的E0/0/14接口。关闭这些接口。关闭这些接口后，开始实验配置。[Huawei]sysname S1[S1]interface eth-trunk 1[S1-Eth-Trunk1]q[S1]interface g0/0/9[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]interface g0/0/10[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1Info: This operation may take a fewseconds. Please wait for a moment...done. [Huawei]sysname S2[S2]interface eth-trunk 1[S2-Eth-Trunk1]q[S2]interface g0/0/9[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]eth-trunk 1[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]interface g0/0/10[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1步骤二.S1、S2配置valn3、4、5、6、7[S1]vlan batch 3 to 7 [S2]vlan batch 3 to 7查看vlan的创建情况[S1]dis vlanThe total number of vlans is : 6--------------------------------------------------------------------------------U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VID Type    Ports               --------------------------------------------------------------------------------1   common  UT:GE0/0/1(U)      GE0/0/2(D)      GE0/0/3(D)      GE0/0/4(D)                     GE0/0/5(D)      GE0/0/6(D)      GE0/0/7(D)      GE0/0/8(D)                     GE0/0/11(D)     GE0/0/12(D)     GE0/0/13(U)     GE0/0/14(D)                    GE0/0/15(D)     GE0/0/16(D)     GE0/0/17(D)     GE0/0/18(D)                   GE0/0/19(D)     GE0/0/20(D)     GE0/0/21(D)     GE0/0/22(D)                    GE0/0/23(D)     GE0/0/24(D)     Eth-Trunk1(U)                  3   common 4   common 5   common 6   common 7   common  VID Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------1   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0001                        3   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0003                        4   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0004                        5   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0005                        6   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0006                        7   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0007           [S2]dis vlanThe total number of vlans is : 6--------------------------------------------------------------------------------U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VID Type    Ports               --------------------------------------------------------------------------------1   common  UT:GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(U)      GE0/0/3(D)      GE0/0/4(D)                     GE0/0/5(D)      GE0/0/6(D)      GE0/0/7(D)      GE0/0/8(D)                     GE0/0/11(D)     GE0/0/12(D)     GE0/0/13(D)     GE0/0/14(D)                    GE0/0/15(D)     GE0/0/16(D)     GE0/0/17(D)     GE0/0/18(D)                    GE0/0/19(D)     GE0/0/20(D)     GE0/0/21(D)     GE0/0/22(U)                   GE0/0/23(D)     GE0/0/24(D)     Eth-Trunk1(U)                  3   common 4   common 5   common 6   common 7   common  VID Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description     --------------------------------------------------------------------------------1   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0001                        3   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0003                        4   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0004                         5   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0005                        6   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0006                        7   enable  default       enable disable    VLAN 0007 步骤三.S1与S2之间的Eth-trunk链路配置为Access链路，属于vlan5         配置vlan与接口之间的对应关系。S1与S2之间的eth-trunk属于vlan5，S1的G0/0/1属于vlan4、G0/0/13属于vlan3；S2的G0/0/2属于vlan6、G0/0/22属于vlan7.[S1]interface eth-trunk 1[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type access[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port default vlan 5[S1-Eth-Trunk1]interface g0/0/1[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-typeaccess[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan4[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/13[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port link-typeaccess[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]port default vlan3 [S2]interface eth-trunk 1[S2-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type access[S2-Eth-Trunk1]port default vlan 5[S2-Eth-Trunk1]interface g0/0/2[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-typeaccess[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan6[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface g0/0/22[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port link-typeaccess[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/22]port default vlan7步骤四.S1与S2为相应的vlan配置网关IP地址。S1为vlan3、4、5提供网关服务、S2为vlan5、6、7提供网关服务。[S1]interface vlanif 3[S1-Vlanif3]Jul 2 2014 18:51:13-08:00 S1 %%01IFNET/4/IF_STATE(l)[1]:Interface Vlanif3has turned into UP state.[S1-Vlanif3]ip add 10.0.3.1 24[S1-Vlanif3]interface vlan 4[S1-Vlanif4]ip add 10.0.4.1 24[S1-Vlanif4]interface vlanif 5[S1-Vlanif5]ip add 10.0.5.1 24  [S2]interface vlanif 5[S2-Vlanif5]ip add 10.0.5.2 24[S2-Vlanif5]interface vlan 6[S2-Vlanif6]ip add 10.0.6.1 24[S2-Vlanif6]interface vlanif 7[S2-Vlanif7]ip add 10.0.7.1 24 步骤五.S3、R1、R3、S4配置相应的IP地址，病配置缺省路由[Huawei]sysname S3[S3]interface vlanif 1[S3-Vlanif1]ip add 10.0.3.33 24[S3]q[S3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.010.0.3.1注：由于交换机的物理接口无法配置IP地址，所以我们只能通过vlanif接口实现。虽然S3逻辑上属于S1上定义的vlan3，但是S3的E0/0/13接口在S3上属于vlan1，所以在S3上我们给Vlanif1配置Ip地址，才能将S3模拟成一台连接到S1的主机，并属于vlan3.S4交换机的配置思路与这里一样。[Huawei]sysname R1[R1]interface g0/0/1[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.4.1124[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.010.0.4.1 [r3]sysname R3[R3]interface g0/0/2[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.0.6.3324[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.010.0.6.1 [Huawei]sysname S4[S4]interface vlanif 1[S4-Vlanif1]ip add 10.0.7.44 24[S4-Vlanif1]q[S4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.010.0.7.1步骤六.测试vlan3与vlan4之间的连通性         在R1上测试与S3的连通性ping10.0.3.33  PING 10.0.3.33: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break    Reply from 10.0.3.33: bytes=56 Sequence=1ttl=254 time=40 ms    Reply from 10.0.3.33: bytes=56 Sequence=2ttl=254 time=40 ms    Reply from 10.0.3.33: bytes=56 Sequence=3ttl=254 time=60 ms    Reply from 10.0.3.33: bytes=56 Sequence=4ttl=254 time=50 ms    Reply from 10.0.3.33: bytes=56 Sequence=5ttl=254 time=70 ms   --- 10.0.3.33 ping statistics ---    5 packet(s) transmitted    5 packet(s) received    0.00% packet loss    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/52/70 ms在R1上测试与R3的连通性，如下ping10.0.6.33  PING 10.0.6.33: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break    Request time out    Request time out    Request time out    Request time out    Request time out   --- 10.0.6.33 ping statistics ---    5 packet(s) transmitted    0 packet(s) received    100.00% packet lossR1与R3之间不能通信。可依照以下检查思路进行故障排除。tracert10.0.6.33  traceroute to 10.0.6.33(10.0.6.33), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C tobreak  1 10.0.4.1 30 ms  10 ms 20 ms  2 10.0.4.1 30 ms  !N 10 ms !N 20 ms  !N如上显示，R1已经把目标地址10.0.6.33的数据报发送出去了。但是10.0.4.1（即网关）回应网络不可达。所以可以到网关S1上查看是否因为路由原因而不可达。[S1]dis iprouting-tableRoute Flags: R -relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables:Public         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8        Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface        10.0.3.0/24  Direct 0    0           D  10.0.3.1        Vlanif3       10.0.3.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       Vlanif3       10.0.4.0/24  Direct 0    0           D  10.0.4.1        Vlanif4       10.0.4.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       Vlanif4       10.0.5.0/24  Direct 0    0           D  10.0.5.1        Vlanif5       10.0.5.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       Vlanif5      127.0.0.0/8   Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0      127.0.0.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0 [S1] Userinterface con0 is available这里可以看到S1缺少到达10.0.6.0网段路由。原因是这个网段与S1没有直连，未配置静态路由或者动态路由协议。步骤七.S1与S2之前启用路由协议OSPF[S1]ospf 1[S1-ospf-1]area0[S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255  [S2]ospf 1[S2-ospf-1]area0[S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255配置完成后，稍等片刻，待S1与S2的OSPF协议相互交换路由信息后。查看S1的路由表。[S1]dis iprouting-tableRoute Flags: R -relay, D - download to fib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Routing Tables:Public         Destinations : 10       Routes : 10       Destination/Mask    Proto  Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface        10.0.3.0/24  Direct 0    0           D  10.0.3.1        Vlanif3       10.0.3.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       Vlanif3       10.0.4.0/24 Direct  0    0          D   10.0.4.1        Vlanif4       10.0.4.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       Vlanif4       10.0.5.0/24  Direct 0    0           D  10.0.5.1        Vlanif5       10.0.5.1/32  Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       Vlanif5       10.0.6.0/24  OSPF   10   2           D  10.0.5.2        Vlanif5       10.0.7.0/24  OSPF   10   2           D  10.0.5.2        Vlanif5      127.0.0.0/8   Direct 0    0           D  127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0     127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0   0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0此时S1通过OSPF协议学到了两条路由信息。测试R1与R3之间的连通性。ping10.0.6.33  PING 10.0.6.33: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break    Reply from 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=1ttl=253 time=70 ms    Replyfrom 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=60 ms    Reply from 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=3ttl=253 time=60 ms    Reply from 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=4ttl=253 time=70 ms    Reply from 10.0.6.33: bytes=56 Sequence=5ttl=253 time=60 ms   --- 10.0.6.33 ping statistics ---    5 packet(s) transmitted    5 packet(s) received    0.00% packet loss    round-trip min/avg/max = 60/64/70 ms ping10.0.7.44  PING 10.0.7.44: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break    Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=1ttl=253 time=80 ms    Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=2ttl=253 time=50 ms    Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=3ttl=253 time=70 ms    Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=4ttl=253 time=90 ms    Reply from 10.0.7.44: bytes=56 Sequence=5ttl=253 time=60 ms   --- 10.0.7.44 ping statistics ---    5 packet(s) transmitted    5 packet(s) received    0.00% packet loss    round-trip min/avg/max = 50/70/90 ms
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