py2exe使用方法

2019-04-14 19:41发布生成海报

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一、简介 py2exe是一个将python脚本转换成windows上的可独立执行的可执行程序(*.exe)的工具，这样，你就可以不用装python而在windows系统上运行这个可执行程序。 py2exe已经被用于创建wxPython,Tkinter,Pmw,PyGTK,pygame,win32com client和server,和其它的独立程序。py2exe是发布在开源许可证下的。 二、安装py2exe 从http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/py2exe下载并运行与你所安装的Python对应的py2exe版本的installer，这将安装py2exe和相应的例子；这些例子被安装在libsite-packagespy2exesamples目录下。 三、py2exe的用法 如果你有一个名为helloworld.py的python脚本，你想把它转换为运行在windows上的可执行程序，并运行在没有安装python的 windows系统上，那么首先你应写一个用于发布程序的设置脚本例如mysetup.py，在其中的setup函数前插入语句 import py2exe 。
mysetup.py示例如下: Python代码

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
setup(console=["helloworld.py"])

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe

setup(console=["helloworld.py"])

如果显示错误提示的话 “ msvcp90.dll: no such file or directory” 请尝试下面的方法： Python代码

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
setup(
console=["helloworld.py"],
options = { "py2exe": { "dll_excludes": ["MSVCP90.dll"] } }
)

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe

setup(
    console=["helloworld.py"],
    options = { "py2exe": { "dll_excludes": ["MSVCP90.dll"] } }
)

然后按下面的方法运行mysetup.py: （dos: cmd => cd desktop => mysetup.py py2exe）
python mysetup.py py2exe
上面的命令执行后将产生一个名为dist的子目录，其中包含了helloworld.exe,python24.dll,library.zip这些文件。
如果你的helloworld.py脚本中用了已编译的C扩展模块，那么这些模块也会被拷贝在个子目录中，同样，所有的dll文件在运行时都是需要的，除了系统的dll文件。
dist子目录中的文件包含了你的程序所必须的东西，你应将这个子目录中的所有内容一起发布。默认情况下，py2exe在目录dist下创建以下这些必须的文件：
1、一个或多个exe文件。
2、python##.dll。
3、几个.pyd文件，它们是已编译的扩展名，它们是exe文件所需要的；加上其它的.dll文件，这些.dll是.pyd所需要的。
4、一个library.zip文件，它包含了已编译的纯的python模块如.pyc或.pyo
上面的mysetup.py创建了一个控制台的helloword.exe程序，如果你要创建一个图形用户界的程序，那么你只需要将mysetup.py中的console=["helloworld.py"]替换为windows=["myscript.py"]既可。 py2exe一次能够创建多个exe文件，你需要将这些脚本文件的列表传递给console或windows的关键字参数。如果你有几个相关联的脚本，那么这是很有用的。
运行下面个命令，将显示py2exe命令的所有命令行标记。
python mysetup.py py2exe --help Python代码

Global options:
--verbose (-v) run verbosely (default)
--quiet (-q) run quietly (turns verbosity off)
--dry-run (-n) don't actually do anything
--help (-h) show detailed help message
Options for 'py2exe' command:
--optimize (-O) optimization level: -O1 for "python -O", -O2 for
"python -OO", and -O0 to disable [default: -O0]
--dist-dir (-d) directory to put final built distributions in (default
is dist)
--excludes (-e) comma-separated list of modules to exclude
--dll-excludes comma-separated list of DLLs to exclude
--ignores comma-separated list of modules to ignore if they are
not found
--includes (-i) comma-separated list of modules to include
--packages (-p) comma-separated list of packages to include
--compressed (-c) create a compressed zipfile
--xref (-x) create and show a module cross reference
--bundle-files (-b) bundle dlls in the zipfile or the exe. Valid levels
are 1, 2, or 3 (default)
--skip-archive do not place Python bytecode files in an archive, put
them directly in the file system
--ascii (-a) do not automatically include encodings and codecs
--custom-boot-script Python file that will be run when setting up the
runtime environment
usage: setup_py2exe.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
or: setup_py2exe.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
or: setup_py2exe.py --help-commands
or: setup_py2exe.py cmd --help

Global options:
  --verbose (-v)  run verbosely (default)
  --quiet (-q)    run quietly (turns verbosity off)
  --dry-run (-n)  don't actually do anything
  --help (-h)     show detailed help message

Options for 'py2exe' command:
  --optimize (-O)       optimization level: -O1 for "python -O", -O2 for
                        "python -OO", and -O0 to disable [default: -O0]
  --dist-dir (-d)       directory to put final built distributions in (default
                        is dist)
  --excludes (-e)       comma-separated list of modules to exclude
  --dll-excludes        comma-separated list of DLLs to exclude
  --ignores             comma-separated list of modules to ignore if they are
                        not found
  --includes (-i)       comma-separated list of modules to include
  --packages (-p)       comma-separated list of packages to include
  --compressed (-c)     create a compressed zipfile
  --xref (-x)           create and show a module cross reference
  --bundle-files (-b)   bundle dlls in the zipfile or the exe. Valid levels
                        are 1, 2, or 3 (default)
  --skip-archive        do not place Python bytecode files in an archive, put
                        them directly in the file system
  --ascii (-a)          do not automatically include encodings and codecs
  --custom-boot-script  Python file that will be run when setting up the
                        runtime environment

usage: setup_py2exe.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
   or: setup_py2exe.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
   or: setup_py2exe.py --help-commands
   or: setup_py2exe.py cmd --help

四、指定额外的文件 一些应用程序在运行时需要额外的文件，诸如配置文件、字体、位图。
如果在安装脚本中用data_files可选项指定了那些额外的文件，那么py2exe能将这些文件拷贝到dist子目录中。data_files应包含一个元组(target-dir, files)列表，其中的files是这些额外的文件的列表。
示例如下： PythonCode: # mysetup.py Python代码

from distutils.core import setup
import glob
import py2exe
setup(console=["helloworld.py"],
data_files=[("bitmaps",
["bm/large.gif", "bm/small.gif"]),
("fonts",
glob.glob("fonts\*.fnt"))],
)

from distutils.core import setup
import glob
import py2exe

setup(console=["helloworld.py"],
      data_files=[("bitmaps",
                   ["bm/large.gif", "bm/small.gif"]),
                  ("fonts",
                   glob.glob("fonts\*.fnt"))],
)

说明：data_files选项将创建一个子目录distitmaps，其中包含两个.gif文件；一个子目录distfonts，其中包含了所有的.fnt文件。 五、Windows NT services 你可以通过传递一个service关键字参数给setup函数来建造Windows NT services
,这个service参数的值必须是一个Python模块名(包含一service类)的列表。
示例如下： PythonCode: # mysetup.py Python代码

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
setup(service=["MyService"])

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe

setup(service=["MyService"])

所建造的可执行的service是可以通过在其后跟一定的命令行参数标记来自行安装和卸载的。你可以通过在这个可执行的service(exe)后跟一-help参数来得到更多的帮助。
六、COM servers 你可以通过传递一个com_server 关键字参数给setup函数来建造Windows NT services
,这个service参数的值必须是一个Python模块名(包含一个或多个COM server 类)的列表。
示例如下： PythonCode: # mysetup.py Python代码

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
setup(com_server=["win32com.server.interp"])

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe

setup(com_server=["win32com.server.interp"])

默认情况下，DLL和EXE servers被建造，你不需要它们的话你可以简单的删除它们。一个标准的py2exe setup文件编写 Python代码

-*- coding: cp936 -*-
from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"]
#要包含的其它库文件
options = {"py2exe":
{"compressed": 1, #压缩
"optimize": 2,
"ascii": 1,
"includes":includes,
"bundle_files": 1 #所有文件打包成一个exe文件 }
}
setup(
options = options,
zipfile=None, #不生成library.zip文件
console=[{"script": "hello.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "hello.ico")] }]#源文件，程序图标
)

 -*- coding: cp936 -*-
from distutils.core import setup

import py2exe


includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"]   
#要包含的其它库文件

options = {"py2exe":

    {"compressed": 1, #压缩
     "optimize": 2,
     "ascii": 1,
     "includes":includes,
     "bundle_files": 1 #所有文件打包成一个exe文件 }
    }
setup(    
    options = options,     
    zipfile=None,   #不生成library.zip文件
    console=[{"script": "hello.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "hello.ico")] }]#源文件，程序图标
    )

新版本已经可以打包为一个文件了，以前都是一堆dll,pyd的。具体的变化其实只有一个地方。就是options里增加bundle_files项，值为1表示pyd和dll文件会被打包到exe文件中，且不能从文件系统中加载python模块；值为2表示pyd和dll文件会被打包到exe文件中，但是可以从文件系统中加载python模块。另外setup中使用zipfile=None可以不生成library.zip。例如原来的： Python代码

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"]
options = {"py2exe":
{ "compressed": 1,
"optimize": 2,
"includes": includes,
}
}
setup(
version = "0.1.0",
description = "search panda",
name = "search panda",
options = options,
windows=[{"script": "search.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "search.ico")] }],
)

from distutils.core import setup 
import py2exe 
includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"] 
options = {"py2exe": 
            {   "compressed": 1, 
                "optimize": 2, 
                "includes": includes,                 
            } 
          } 
setup(    
    version = "0.1.0", 
    description = "search panda", 
    name = "search panda",     
    options = options,     
    windows=[{"script": "search.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "search.ico")] }],       
    )

只需要改为： Python代码

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"]
options = {"py2exe":
{ "compressed": 1,
"optimize": 2,
"includes": includes,
"bundle_files": 1
}
}
setup(
version = "0.1.0",
description = "search panda",
name = "search panda",
options = options,
zipfile=None,
windows=[{"script": "search.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "search.ico")] }],
)

from distutils.core import setup 
import py2exe 
includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"] 
options = {"py2exe": 
            {   "compressed": 1, 
                "optimize": 2, 
                "includes": includes, 
                "bundle_files": 1 
            } 
          } 
setup(    
    version = "0.1.0", 
    description = "search panda", 
    name = "search panda", 
    options = options, 
    zipfile=None, 
    windows=[{"script": "search.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "search.ico")] }],   
     
    )

比如，这里我打包以前的DelphiCode2HTML的 Python代码

# -*- coding: gbk -*-
from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"]
options = {"py2exe":
{"compressed": 1,
"optimize": 2,
"ascii": 1,
"includes":includes,
"bundle_files": 1}
}
setup(
options = options,
zipfile=None,
name = "HelloGuys.",
description = "this is a py2exe test",
windows=[{"script": "F:我的程序PythonCSDN Code EditCode2Html.py",
"icon_resources": [(1, "F:书籍我的图标图标xpConvert.ico")]
}]
)

# -*- coding: gbk -*-

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe

includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*"]
options = {"py2exe":
                    {"compressed": 1,
                     "optimize": 2,
                     "ascii": 1,
                     "includes":includes,
                     "bundle_files": 1}
           }
setup(
    options = options,
    zipfile=None,
    name = "HelloGuys.",
    description = "this is a py2exe test",   
    windows=[{"script": "F:我的程序PythonCSDN Code EditCode2Html.py",
              "icon_resources": [(1, "F:书籍我的图标图标xpConvert.ico")]
              }]
    )

下面列出他的一些 options keyword description data_files list of "data" files that you are going to need to run your executable such as .pngs, .jpgs

Py2exe extends Distutils setup keywords

In addition to the standard distutils setup keywords, the following py2exe keywords specify what and how to build. keyword description console list of scripts to convert into console exes windows list of scripts to convert into GUI exes service list of module names containing win32 service classes com_server list of module names containing com server classes ctypes_com_server list of module names containing com server classes zipfile name of shared zipfile to generate; may specify a subdirectory; defaults to 'library.zip'. If zipfile is set to None, the files will be bundled within the executable instead of 'library.zip'. options dictionary { "py2exe": { "opt1": val1, "opt2": val2, ... } }

The options dictionary of py2exe

The option keyword takes the following set of dictionary key: value pairs. The dictionary "key" names and the "value" types are listed in the table below. key value unbuffered if true, use unbuffered binary stdout and stderr optimize string or int of optimization level (0, 1, or 2) 0 = don’t optimize (generate .pyc) 1 = normal optimization (like python -O) 2 = extra optimization (like python -OO) See http://docs.python.org/distutils/apiref.html#module-distutils.util for more info. includes list of module names to include packages list of packages to include with subpackages ignores list of modules to ignore if they are not found excludes list of module names to exclude dll_excludes list of dlls to exclude dist_dir directory in which to build the final files typelibs list of gen_py generated typelibs to include compressed (boolean) create a compressed zipfile xref (boolean) create and show a module cross reference bundle_files bundle dlls in the zipfile or the exe. Valid values for bundle_files are: 3 = don't bundle (default) 2 = bundle everything but the Python interpreter 1 = bundle everything, including the Python interpreter skip_archive (boolean) do not place Python bytecode files in an archive, put them directly in the file system ascii (boolean) do not automatically include encodings and codecs custom-boot-script Python file that will be run when setting up the runtime environment Example: Python代码

setup(
windows=['trypyglet.py'],
options={
"py2exe":{
"unbuffered": True,
"optimize": 2,
"excludes": ["email"]
}
}
)

setup(
        windows=['trypyglet.py'],
        options={
                "py2exe":{
                        "unbuffered": True,
                        "optimize": 2,
                        "excludes": ["email"]
                }
        }
)

For more information enter the following at the python command line: Python代码

>>> from distutils.core import setup
>>> help(setup)

>>> from distutils.core import setup
>>> help(setup)

注意 windows 的用法，他可以代替 console，如果你要集成 wxpython 的时候，一定会用的！ 更多请查看 http://www.py2exe.org/index.cgi/ListOfOptions 如果程序中含有email类，并且压缩时出现类似 “ImportError: No module named multipart ” 的错误，你需要如下的设置： 1. 尝试将Lib下的email包，复制到当前文件夹中 2. 把['emai'] 放入includes中 3. 把['email']放入packages中 4. 继续运行py2exe 如： Python代码

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe
includes = ["encodings", "encodings.*",'email']
options = {"py2exe":
{ "compressed": 1,
"optimize": 2,
"includes": includes,
"bundle_files": 1,
"packages": ['email'],
"dll_excludes": ["MSVCP90.dll"]
}
}
setup(
version = "0.1.0",
description = "3th",
name = "For My Lover",
options = options,
zipfile=None,
windows=[{"script": "love.py", "icon_resources": [(1, "roses.ico")] }],
)

参考http://justcoding.iteye.com/blog/900993