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模式一：
makeCertPic.java package pic;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
/**
* @author dzy
* 生成验证码图片
*/
public class makeCertPic {
//验证码图片中可以出现的字符集，可根据需要修改
private char mapTable[]={
'a','b','c','d','e','f',
'g','h','i','j','k','l',
'm','n','o','p','q','r',
's','t','u','v','w','x',
'y','z','0','1','2','3',
'4','5','6','7','8','9'};
/**
* 功能:生成彩 {MOD}验证码图片
* 参数width为生成图片的宽度,参数height为生成图片的高度,参数os为页面的输出流
*/
public String getCertPic(int width, int height, OutputStream os) {
if(width<=0)width=60;
if(height<=0)height=20;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// 获取图形上下文
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
// 设定背景 {MOD}
g.setColor(new Color(0xDCDCDC));
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
//画边框
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
// 取随机产生的认证码
String strEnsure = "";
// 4代表4位验证码,如果要生成更多位的认证码,则加大数值
for(int i=0; i<4; ++i) {
strEnsure+=mapTable[(int)(mapTable.length*Math.random())];
}
// 将认证码显示到图像中,如果要生成更多位的认证码,增加drawString语句
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.setFont(new Font("Atlantic Inline",Font.PLAIN,18));
String str = strEnsure.substring(0,1);
g.drawString(str,8,17);
str = strEnsure.substring(1,2);
g.drawString(str,20,15);
str = strEnsure.substring(2,3);
g.drawString(str,35,18);
str = strEnsure.substring(3,4);
g.drawString(str,45,15);
// 随机产生10个干扰点
Random rand = new Random();
for (int i=0;i<10;i++) {
int x = rand.nextInt(width);
int y = rand.nextInt(height);
g.drawOval(x,y,1,1);
}
// 释放图形上下文
g.dispose();
try {
// 输出图像到页面
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", os);
} catch (IOException e) {
return "";
}
return strEnsure;
}
}
在getCertPic()方法中，首先创建了一个内存图像的实例对象，再得到此内存图像的图形上下文对象，接着再用这个上下文对象画背景、边框。接下来，随机生成4个在mapTable[]数组中的字符，组成字符串作为验证字符串，并输出在内存中，为了造成一定的干扰，随机画了10个干扰点，如果要加大干扰效果，可再多画一些点。
makeCertPic.jsp页面用于调用生成验证码图片的JavaBean，并在客户端显示，源代码如下：
makeCertPic.jsp
<%@page contentType="image/jpeg" %>
<%
String str=image.getCertPic(0,0,response.getOutputStream());
// 将认证码存入SESSION
session.setAttribute("certCode", str);
out.clear();
out = pageContext.pushBody();
%>
这里把生成的验证码作为session变量写入，因此在接收登录页面输入的数据页面中，可用用户输入的验证码和这个session变量作比较，如果相同则表示验证通过。
LoginPic.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB2312" %>
function reloadcode(){
var verify=document.getElementById('code');
verify.setAttribute('src','makeCertPic.jsp?it='+Math.random());
}
登录页面
系统登录
用户名：
密 码：
验证码
验证码的输入是否正确可用如下语句验证：
String certCode=request.getParameter("certCode");
if(certCode.equals((String)session.getAttribute("certCode")))
out.print("验证码输入正确");
else
out.print("验证码输入错误"); 模式二： <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>验证码title> <script type="text/javascript"> function refresh(obj) { obj.src = "imageServlet?"+Math.random(); } script> head> <body> <form action="checkServlet" method="post"> <label>输入验证码label><br/> <input type="text" name="randomCode"/><img title="点击更换" onclick="javascript:refresh(this);" src="imageServlet"><br/> <input type="submit" value="submit"> form> body> html>
下面是后台代码,这里是一个Servlet,不要忘记在web.xml中配置请求url
package com.wf.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");//设置相应类型,告诉浏览器输出的内容为图片
response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");//设置响应头信息，告诉浏览器不要缓存此内容
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expire", 0);
RandomValidateCode randomValidateCode = new RandomValidateCode();
try {
randomValidateCode.getRandcode(request, response);//输出图片方法
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
这个类是生成验证码的方法,如下
package com.wf.web;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class RandomValidateCode {
public static final String RANDOMCODEKEY = "RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY";//放到session中的key
private Random random = new Random();
private String randString = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";//随机产生的字符串
private int width = 80;//图片宽
private int height = 26;//图片高
private int lineSize = 40;//干扰线数量
private int stringNum = 4;//随机产生字符数量
/*
* 获得字体
*/
private Font getFont(){
return new Font("Fixedsys",Font.CENTER_BASELINE,18);
}
/*
* 获得颜 {MOD}
*/
private Color getRandColor(int fc,int bc){
if(fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if(bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc-fc-16);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc-fc-14);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc-fc-18);
return new Color(r,g,b);
}
/**
* 生成随机图片
*/
public void getRandcode(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//BufferedImage类是具有缓冲区的Image类,Image类是用于描述图像信息的类
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//产生Image对象的Graphics对象,改对象可以在图像上进行各种绘制操作
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman",Font.ROMAN_BASELINE,18));
g.setColor(getRandColor(110, 133));
//绘制干扰线
for(int i=0;i<=lineSize;i++){
drowLine(g);
}
//绘制随机字符
String randomString = "";
for(int i=1;i<=stringNum;i++){
randomString=drowString(g,randomString,i);
}
session.removeAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY);
session.setAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY, randomString);
System.out.println(randomString);
g.dispose();
try {
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());//将内存中的图片通过流动形式输出到客户端
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*
* 绘制字符串
*/
private String drowString(Graphics g,String randomString,int i){
g.setFont(getFont());
g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(101),random.nextInt(111),random.nextInt(121)));
String rand = String.valueOf(getRandomString(random.nextInt(randString.length())));
randomString +=rand;
g.translate(random.nextInt(3), random.nextInt(3));
g.drawString(rand, 13*i, 16);
return randomString;
}
/*
* 绘制干扰线
*/
private void drowLine(Graphics g){
int x = random.nextInt(width);
int y = random.nextInt(height);
int xl = random.nextInt(13);
int yl = random.nextInt(15);
g.drawLine(x, y, x+xl, y+yl);
}
/*
* 获取随机的字符
*/
public String getRandomString(int num){
return String.valueOf(randString.charAt(num));
}
}
这里附带吧web.xml也加上吧,希望对初学者有帮助
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ImageServletservlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.wf.web.ImageServletservlet-class>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ImageServletservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/imageServleturl-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jspwelcome-file>
welcome-file-list>
web-app>
就这么多,验证码是保存在session中的,或者cookie也行,但都要必须及时清除
makeCertPic.java package pic;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
/**
* @author dzy
* 生成验证码图片
*/
public class makeCertPic {
//验证码图片中可以出现的字符集，可根据需要修改
private char mapTable[]={
'a','b','c','d','e','f',
'g','h','i','j','k','l',
'm','n','o','p','q','r',
's','t','u','v','w','x',
'y','z','0','1','2','3',
'4','5','6','7','8','9'};
/**
* 功能:生成彩 {MOD}验证码图片
* 参数width为生成图片的宽度,参数height为生成图片的高度,参数os为页面的输出流
*/
public String getCertPic(int width, int height, OutputStream os) {
if(width<=0)width=60;
if(height<=0)height=20;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// 获取图形上下文
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
// 设定背景 {MOD}
g.setColor(new Color(0xDCDCDC));
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
//画边框
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
// 取随机产生的认证码
String strEnsure = "";
// 4代表4位验证码,如果要生成更多位的认证码,则加大数值
for(int i=0; i<4; ++i) {
strEnsure+=mapTable[(int)(mapTable.length*Math.random())];
}
// 将认证码显示到图像中,如果要生成更多位的认证码,增加drawString语句
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.setFont(new Font("Atlantic Inline",Font.PLAIN,18));
String str = strEnsure.substring(0,1);
g.drawString(str,8,17);
str = strEnsure.substring(1,2);
g.drawString(str,20,15);
str = strEnsure.substring(2,3);
g.drawString(str,35,18);
str = strEnsure.substring(3,4);
g.drawString(str,45,15);
// 随机产生10个干扰点
Random rand = new Random();
for (int i=0;i<10;i++) {
int x = rand.nextInt(width);
int y = rand.nextInt(height);
g.drawOval(x,y,1,1);
}
// 释放图形上下文
g.dispose();
try {
// 输出图像到页面
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", os);
} catch (IOException e) {
return "";
}
return strEnsure;
}
}
在getCertPic()方法中，首先创建了一个内存图像的实例对象，再得到此内存图像的图形上下文对象，接着再用这个上下文对象画背景、边框。接下来，随机生成4个在mapTable[]数组中的字符，组成字符串作为验证字符串，并输出在内存中，为了造成一定的干扰，随机画了10个干扰点，如果要加大干扰效果，可再多画一些点。
makeCertPic.jsp页面用于调用生成验证码图片的JavaBean，并在客户端显示，源代码如下：
makeCertPic.jsp
<%@page contentType="image/jpeg" %>
<%
String str=image.getCertPic(0,0,response.getOutputStream());
// 将认证码存入SESSION
session.setAttribute("certCode", str);
out.clear();
out = pageContext.pushBody();
%>
这里把生成的验证码作为session变量写入，因此在接收登录页面输入的数据页面中，可用用户输入的验证码和这个session变量作比较，如果相同则表示验证通过。
LoginPic.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB2312" %>
function reloadcode(){
var verify=document.getElementById('code');
verify.setAttribute('src','makeCertPic.jsp?it='+Math.random());
}
验证码的输入是否正确可用如下语句验证：
String certCode=request.getParameter("certCode");
if(certCode.equals((String)session.getAttribute("certCode")))
out.print("验证码输入正确");
else
out.print("验证码输入错误"); 模式二： <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>验证码title> <script type="text/javascript"> function refresh(obj) { obj.src = "imageServlet?"+Math.random(); } script> head> <body> <form action="checkServlet" method="post"> <label>输入验证码label><br/> <input type="text" name="randomCode"/><img title="点击更换" onclick="javascript:refresh(this);" src="imageServlet"><br/> <input type="submit" value="submit"> form> body> html>
下面是后台代码,这里是一个Servlet,不要忘记在web.xml中配置请求url
package com.wf.web;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");//设置相应类型,告诉浏览器输出的内容为图片
response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");//设置响应头信息，告诉浏览器不要缓存此内容
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expire", 0);
RandomValidateCode randomValidateCode = new RandomValidateCode();
try {
randomValidateCode.getRandcode(request, response);//输出图片方法
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
这个类是生成验证码的方法,如下
package com.wf.web;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class RandomValidateCode {
public static final String RANDOMCODEKEY = "RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY";//放到session中的key
private Random random = new Random();
private String randString = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";//随机产生的字符串
private int width = 80;//图片宽
private int height = 26;//图片高
private int lineSize = 40;//干扰线数量
private int stringNum = 4;//随机产生字符数量
/*
* 获得字体
*/
private Font getFont(){
return new Font("Fixedsys",Font.CENTER_BASELINE,18);
}
/*
* 获得颜 {MOD}
*/
private Color getRandColor(int fc,int bc){
if(fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if(bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc-fc-16);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc-fc-14);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc-fc-18);
return new Color(r,g,b);
}
/**
* 生成随机图片
*/
public void getRandcode(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//BufferedImage类是具有缓冲区的Image类,Image类是用于描述图像信息的类
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//产生Image对象的Graphics对象,改对象可以在图像上进行各种绘制操作
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman",Font.ROMAN_BASELINE,18));
g.setColor(getRandColor(110, 133));
//绘制干扰线
for(int i=0;i<=lineSize;i++){
drowLine(g);
}
//绘制随机字符
String randomString = "";
for(int i=1;i<=stringNum;i++){
randomString=drowString(g,randomString,i);
}
session.removeAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY);
session.setAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY, randomString);
System.out.println(randomString);
g.dispose();
try {
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());//将内存中的图片通过流动形式输出到客户端
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*
* 绘制字符串
*/
private String drowString(Graphics g,String randomString,int i){
g.setFont(getFont());
g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(101),random.nextInt(111),random.nextInt(121)));
String rand = String.valueOf(getRandomString(random.nextInt(randString.length())));
randomString +=rand;
g.translate(random.nextInt(3), random.nextInt(3));
g.drawString(rand, 13*i, 16);
return randomString;
}
/*
* 绘制干扰线
*/
private void drowLine(Graphics g){
int x = random.nextInt(width);
int y = random.nextInt(height);
int xl = random.nextInt(13);
int yl = random.nextInt(15);
g.drawLine(x, y, x+xl, y+yl);
}
/*
* 获取随机的字符
*/
public String getRandomString(int num){
return String.valueOf(randString.charAt(num));
}
}
这里附带吧web.xml也加上吧,希望对初学者有帮助
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ImageServletservlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.wf.web.ImageServletservlet-class>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ImageServletservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/imageServleturl-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jspwelcome-file>
welcome-file-list>
web-app>
就这么多,验证码是保存在session中的,或者cookie也行,但都要必须及时清除