声音:是由物体振动所发出来的。
那么,一个物体的振动有振动频率与振动幅度与振动强度等有关。
振动频率就是每秒振动多少次
振动幅度就是振动一次所产生的距离
振动强度就是振动一次的力量有多强
振动材料的不同,发出的基准音也不同,比如用力敲打桌子,随着力度的变动,声音的大小会随之变动,但音 {MOD}没有变,你经经的敲打一下,和重重的敲打一下,声音的大小不同,但还是能听出来是敲打桌子的声音,理论上,经经的敲,振动频率低,振动幅度也小,振动强度经,重重的敲则这3条线随之变大,而音 {MOD}没有变,所以我猜想,振动频率与振动幅度之比决定音 {MOD},这两个值越大,也就是振动强度越强,声音也越大,当然,用什么东西敲打桌子,声音是不同的,因为除了桌子在发声外,所敲打的物体也在发声,那么我们听到的声音则是这两种物体的混合声音。
但如果有一种材料,可以改变振动频率而不改变振动幅度,或者改变振动幅度而不改变振动频率,那是不是就可以发现各种不同的声音了呢?我想答案是肯定的,比如现代的耳机,里面就一块很薄的膜,中间有两根铜丝穿过去,还有磁铁什么的,可以看到有电流,有磁场,就可以利用电流的强弱与磁场的强弱来控制这块膜做不同频率与幅度的振动来发出各种声音了。
查资料解释:所谓音 {MOD},也就是振动频率中混有的其他更高频率的小振幅比例、频率不同,扬声器只要把所有频率(基频和泛音频率)都播放出来,就有了各种声音
男生女生区分,那么在同等音量大小的情况下,男生语音,与女生语音,发音的结构完全一样,音 {MOD}完全不同,是怎么回事呢?
我猜想,就是因为材料不一样,首先,由于每个人声带的长短,厚度,粗细,平滑度有关,所以每个人讲的话都不相同,但男女声音最主要的区别,可能是振动的频率不一样,在相同振幅的情况下,振动频率的不同决定音 {MOD}的大方向的不同,声带的不同决定的小范围音 {MOD}不同,以上是我的推理罢了。
振动频率范围
https://blog.csdn.net/brandon2015/article/details/50426137
人耳正常听觉范围:20~20khz,超过20khz称为超声波,人耳分辩不出来了
录音设备,采样率,也就是每秒采集多少个声音样本,1个样本为1或2字节,采样率越高就越接近真实的声音,但采样率达到人耳能听到的20khz的两倍以上就可以了,所以CD音质是44.1khz也是有原因的,最大也就48khz的音频数据完全够了,超出就是一种倒退。
一般的录音软件要支持11khz,22khz,44khz等
8khz,不知道效果如何
11.025khz的采样率获得的声音称为电话音质,能分辩出通话人是谁
22.05khz为广播音质
44.1khz及以上为CD音质
样品数据:那么在采集某时间点的样品时,是采集的频率数据呢,还是采集到的振幅数据呢?我想,频率数据在任何一个时间点,是采集不到的,所以唯一能采集到的就是振幅数据了,也就是采集点的振动幅度的强弱,而振动的强弱又是电压的大小来决定的,所以最终采集到的数据是某时刻的电压值,把这一连串的电压值按顺序保存起来,就成为原始声音文件了,比如WAV。
单片机播放声音:我们知道,单片机的端口只有两种状态,以5V为例,要么是5V,要么是0V,那如何把单片机的端口电压变成0~5V之间的电压值呢?比如采样率为44.1khz,说明1秒内要播放44100个样品,比如采用8位来保存1个样品,那么某样品数为0xa0,我们可以做个计数器,计数256次,如果计数器小于0xa0则为低电平,否则为高电平通过端口快速的变动从而产生出某个采样点的电压值与采样数据相批配,喇叭的两根线,一根接此端口上,另一根接VCC或GND都可以,这样就能还原出这个样品的电压值,比如单片机晶振为30兆,需要播放44.1Khz的声音,那么30000000/44100=680,那么做个定时器,每680时钟周期中断1次,输入采样率,利用单片机的PCA模块,实现端口PWM波形输出,这样就可以播放wav格式的声音。
参考资料:http://www.znmcu.cn/znx_51_iap_exps_pca_pwm_test.html
代码:STC15W4K32S4单片机,播放声音端口为P3.5,另一端口为VCC或GND都可以
#include
#include
#define CCP_S0 0x10 //P_SW1.4
#define CCP_S1 0x20 //P_SW1.5
typedef char I8;
typedef int I16;
typedef long I32;
typedef unsigned char U8;
typedef unsigned int U16;
typedef unsigned long int U32;
typedef volatile char V8;
typedef volatile int V16;
typedef volatile long V32;
typedef volatile unsigned char VU8;
typedef volatile unsigned int VU16;
typedef volatile unsigned long VU32;
//8K采样率,声音内容为“你好”
unsigned char code wavdat[3696] = {
0x0E, 0x00, 0x00, 0x5E, 0x41, 0x45, 0x47, 0x5B, 0x58, 0x59, 0x59, 0x5F, 0x5C, 0x52, 0x51, 0x57,
0xD4, 0xD4, 0xD6, 0xD0, 0xDD, 0xDF, 0xDF, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0xC5, 0xDA, 0xDA, 0xD8, 0xDD, 0xDC, 0xD0,
0xD4, 0xD5, 0x56, 0x5F, 0x5F, 0x5A, 0x41, 0x43, 0x4F, 0x48, 0x4A, 0x4A, 0x4B, 0x4B, 0x4B, 0x48,
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0x15, 0x77, 0x15, 0x62, 0x14, 0x6E, 0x66, 0x69, 0x78, 0x7A, 0x4B, 0x73, 0xC7, 0x50, 0xC3, 0xC4,
0xC3, 0xDC, 0x5F, 0xD5, 0x71, 0x7F, 0x73, 0x67, 0x72, 0x72, 0x76, 0x43, 0x5A, 0xD5, 0xD8, 0xC3,
0xF2, 0xFC, 0xFE, 0xE7, 0xE4, 0xE0, 0xE6, 0xE5, 0xE1, 0xFA, 0xE4, 0xE7, 0xE5, 0xE2, 0xE6, 0xF0,
0xFB, 0x74, 0xF3, 0x64, 0x66, 0x74, 0x6A, 0x7E, 0x6B, 0x64, 0x61, 0x66, 0x79, 0x7C, 0x7E, 0xD7,
0x45, 0xD2, 0xCD, 0xD1, 0xCD, 0xD6, 0xD5, 0x59, 0x71, 0x48, 0x73, 0x7C, 0x40, 0x70, 0x44, 0x59,
0x56, 0xDE, 0xDC, 0xF4, 0xCF, 0xFC, 0xE5, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0xE0, 0xE6, 0xE0, 0xE1, 0xE1, 0xED, 0xE4,
0xEE, 0xE3, 0xF2, 0xF1, 0xD0, 0xCE, 0x62, 0x71, 0x67, 0x69, 0x66, 0x69, 0x67, 0x60, 0x7A, 0x7F,
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0xE1, 0xFA, 0xE2, 0xE1, 0xE2, 0xE4, 0xF6, 0xD8, 0xF1, 0x4B, 0x78, 0x41, 0x6C, 0x64, 0x6C, 0x61,
0x61, 0x60, 0x76, 0x73, 0x4C, 0x54, 0xDB, 0xD9, 0xCA, 0xFD, 0xCE, 0xF1, 0xCA, 0xF4, 0xD6, 0xD8,
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0x91, 0x97, 0xEB, 0xEB, 0xC1, 0xE4, 0x16, 0x64, 0x7A, 0x01, 0x69, 0x18, 0x1D, 0x11, 0x14, 0x46,
0x64, 0xE4, 0xE1, 0x95, 0xE1, 0x9E, 0xE3, 0xE0, 0xE8, 0x4B, 0xCB, 0x66, 0x7C, 0x6C, 0x62, 0x60,
0x67, 0x7C, 0xDE, 0xCD, 0xE3, 0x95, 0x97, 0x92, 0x92, 0x91, 0x92, 0xE8, 0xEB, 0xE4, 0x5C, 0xF0,
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0x96, 0x90, 0x97, 0xEB, 0xEA, 0xED, 0xF8, 0xE5, 0xD9, 0x55, 0x63, 0x13, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x1C, 0x66,
0x11, 0x67, 0x79, 0xC7, 0x54, 0xE1, 0xE5, 0xE1, 0xF1, 0xE6, 0x50, 0x7F, 0x49, 0x6D, 0x65, 0x6D,
0x72, 0x4F, 0x42, 0x53, 0xC0, 0xCB, 0xE5, 0xF3, 0xEC, 0xE1, 0xE0, 0xEC, 0xE4, 0xF7, 0xE6, 0xC1,
0xC8, 0xFA, 0xFC, 0xE1, 0xDA, 0x72, 0x67, 0xF5, 0x10, 0x17, 0x79, 0x17, 0x7C, 0x7C, 0x75, 0x52,
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0xF3, 0x6A, 0x5A, 0x7D, 0x19, 0x10, 0x11, 0x16, 0x6C, 0x65, 0x7D, 0xC1, 0xE5, 0xE7, 0xE7, 0xE4,
0xFE, 0xFD, 0x4F, 0x64, 0x5C, 0x48, 0x65, 0x7F, 0x5F, 0x4B, 0x7F, 0x74, 0xD7, 0x48, 0xC9, 0xE5,
0xC7, 0xFA, 0xFA, 0xFA, 0xC3, 0xF7, 0xE4, 0xE2, 0xE4, 0xEA, 0x94, 0x95, 0x95, 0xF0, 0x18, 0x6C,
0x63, 0x06, 0x18, 0x1A, 0x6F, 0x73, 0x4F, 0xC9, 0x95, 0x96, 0x96, 0xE8, 0xF3, 0x5D, 0x44, 0x7F,
0x14, 0x6E, 0x72, 0x66, 0x7A, 0x77, 0x41, 0x4A, 0x71, 0xF9, 0xC9, 0xFA, 0xEF, 0xE1, 0xFA, 0xE0,
0xFD, 0xC9, 0xC7, 0xCE, 0xE1, 0xE0, 0xFC, 0xE6, 0xE6, 0xE6, 0xF5, 0xC4, 0x0D, 0x69, 0x6E, 0x05,
0x6B, 0x19, 0xCA, 0xE8, 0x94, 0xEB, 0x93, 0x91, 0x91, 0x5A, 0x6F, 0x6B, 0x15, 0x68, 0x1F, 0x13,
0x43, 0x7C, 0x5F, 0x5B, 0xDD, 0xE5, 0xED, 0xEE, 0xE7, 0x95, 0xEF, 0xE1, 0xD2, 0x54, 0xD5, 0x5A,
0x59, 0xC7, 0xFD, 0x56, 0xF6, 0xD3, 0xF7, 0xF4, 0xE5, 0xE4, 0x55, 0xF3, 0x65, 0x6D, 0x5E, 0x7A,
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0x47, 0x4E, 0x46, 0x56, 0xDE, 0xCE, 0xCA, 0xF4, 0xF6, 0xF0, 0xFD, 0xFF, 0xF1, 0xF6, 0xF5, 0xCB,
0xF4, 0xC2, 0xF1, 0xCC, 0xCB, 0xD2, 0x72, 0x6B, 0x17, 0x17, 0x63, 0x54, 0xF8, 0xED, 0xE0, 0xF3,
0x5F, 0x7D, 0x67, 0x66, 0x7E, 0x48, 0xD5, 0xF5, 0xF0, 0xF1, 0xCD, 0xD3, 0x48, 0x77, 0x7C, 0x4E,
0x57, 0xC4, 0xCC, 0xD3, 0x54, 0x5E, 0x58, 0x54, 0xD0, 0x54, 0x5F, 0x46, 0x42, 0x5D, 0xDD, 0xDA,
0xC0, 0xCD, 0xC2, 0xCB, 0xF7, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xFD, 0xF4, 0xC1, 0xCD, 0xC3, 0xF7, 0xF4, 0xF7, 0xC8,
0xD0, 0x7B, 0x15, 0x17, 0x16, 0x66, 0x56, 0xFB, 0xE3, 0xE6, 0xF1, 0x47, 0x7D, 0x66, 0x66, 0x79,
0x77, 0xD5, 0xC9, 0xF6, 0xF2, 0xF4, 0xDC, 0x4D, 0x7D, 0x7F, 0x4A, 0x51, 0xC0, 0xC8, 0xD9, 0xD6,
0x5E, 0x56, 0x57, 0xD6, 0x53, 0x59, 0x43, 0x45, 0xD2, 0xC7, 0xC8, 0xC9, 0xC8, 0xF5, 0xF7, 0xF2,
0xF2, 0xF2, 0xF0, 0xF6, 0xCA, 0xF6, 0xCB, 0xF1, 0xF1, 0xF7, 0xF5, 0xD1, 0x4D, 0x60, 0x6F, 0x69,
0x66, 0x5B, 0xF6, 0xE1, 0xE1, 0xFC, 0xDE, 0x4B, 0x7E, 0x65, 0x7C, 0x75, 0x57, 0xC5, 0xF5, 0xF4,
0xC8, 0xD0, 0x4E, 0x71, 0x7D, 0x4E, 0x50, 0xC5, 0xCE, 0xDA, 0xD5, 0x5C, 0x52, 0x50, 0x54, 0x50,
0x5B, 0x47, 0x58, 0xDF, 0xC6, 0xF5, 0xF4, 0xCF, 0xCD, 0xCD, 0xF7, 0xF0, 0xFC, 0xF7, 0xC9, 0xC7,
0xDC, 0xC9, 0xCF, 0xF7, 0xCD, 0xDE, 0x5F, 0x73, 0x61, 0x6F, 0x6D, 0x61, 0x4C, 0xC5, 0xF2, 0xFE,
0xF7, 0xD9, 0x40, 0x74, 0x7F, 0x73, 0x74, 0x47, 0xD1, 0xDE, 0xCB, 0xC7, 0xD1, 0x40, 0x77, 0x77,
0x4D, 0x55, 0xDC, 0xD8, 0xD5, 0x50, 0x5E, 0x5D, 0x55, 0xD5, 0x51, 0x59, 0x5E, 0x5D, 0xD2, 0xC5,
0xC3, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCB, 0xCA, 0xF1, 0xF6, 0xF1, 0xF4, 0xC2, 0xC8, 0xC6, 0xC1, 0xD8, 0xC4, 0xD9,
0xDC, 0xD0, 0x5C, 0x4F, 0x78, 0x64, 0x67, 0x7F, 0x4A, 0x5F, 0xD3, 0xD9, 0xD9, 0xD7, 0x5D, 0x42,
0x75, 0x76, 0x75, 0x40, 0x52, 0xD3, 0xD0, 0xD6, 0x47, 0x4F, 0x75, 0x44, 0xD6, 0xD8, 0xC0, 0xDF,
0x54, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0xD2, 0xD6, 0x54, 0x54, 0xD0, 0xDB, 0xC2, 0xC2, 0xC5, 0xDB, 0xC6,
0xCB, 0xF1, 0xF3, 0xF6, 0xCD, 0xC0, 0xDF, 0xDD, 0xDC, 0xDF, 0xDE, 0xD6, 0x56, 0x59, 0x4D, 0x75,
0x70, 0x77, 0x49, 0x40, 0x58, 0x5D, 0x57, 0x57, 0x53, 0x5B, 0x5B, 0x47, 0x5B, 0x59, 0x54, 0xD2,
0xDC, 0xD3, 0x54, 0x5F, 0x44, 0x45, 0x52, 0xDD, 0xC3, 0xC0, 0xC5, 0xD2, 0xD5, 0xD5, 0xDD, 0xD8,
0xC6, 0xD9, 0xD7, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0xDA, 0xCD, 0xCD, 0xC2, 0xC1, 0xC5, 0xC2, 0xC9, 0xCA, 0xCA, 0xC5,
0xD3, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0x50, 0x57, 0x55, 0xD6, 0x56, 0x5B, 0x4C, 0x77, 0x75, 0x75, 0x40, 0x44, 0x59,
0x5B, 0x45, 0x5A, 0x5A, 0x5B, 0x47, 0x5E, 0x5C, 0x53, 0xD5, 0x55, 0xD6, 0x55, 0x5C, 0x47, 0x47,
0x5B, 0x56, 0xD2, 0xDE, 0xD8, 0xD3, 0x57, 0x52, 0x51, 0xD4, 0xD0, 0xD3, 0xD1, 0xD3, 0xDD, 0xD9,
0xDE, 0xDF, 0xD9, 0xDD, 0xD9, 0xD8, 0xC2, 0xC2, 0xCD, 0xC6, 0xD9, 0xDF, 0xD0, 0xD1, 0x54, 0x54,
0x50, 0x57, 0x50, 0x5E, 0x47, 0x43, 0x43, 0x41, 0x59, 0x5B, 0x59, 0x45, 0x40, 0x42, 0x43, 0x47,
0x5B, 0x5D, 0x56, 0xD5, 0x54, 0x54, 0x50, 0x5D, 0x58, 0x5A, 0x59, 0x5C, 0xD5, 0xD2, 0xDF, 0xD3,
};
#define maxSize sizeof(wavdat)
U16 wavIndex=0;
void Pca_Init()
{
// ACC = P_SW1;
// ACC &= ~(CCP_S0 | CCP_S1); //CCP_S0=0 CCP_S1=0
// P_SW1 = ACC; //(P1.2/ECI, P1.1/CCP0, P1.0/CCP1, P3.7/CCP2)
ACC = P_SW1;
ACC &= ~(CCP_S0 | CCP_S1); //CCP_S0=1 CCP_S1=0
ACC |= CCP_S0; //(P3.4/ECI_2, P3.5/CCP0_2, P3.6/CCP1_2, P3.7/CCP2_2)
P_SW1 = ACC;
// ACC = P_SW1;
// ACC &= ~(CCP_S0 | CCP_S1); //CCP_S0=0 CCP_S1=1
// ACC |= CCP_S1; //(P2.4/ECI_3, P2.5/CCP0_3, P2.6/CCP1_3, P2.7/CCP2_3)
// P_SW1 = ACC;
CCON=0x00;//PCA控制寄存器
CMOD=0x08;//采用系统时钟计数0x00:FOSC/12 0x02:FOSC/2 0x08:FOSC/1 0x0A:FOSC/4 0x0E:FOSC/8
CCAPM0=0x42;//PCA比较寄存器,8位无中断
CL=0x00;
CH=0x00;
PCA_PWM0=0x00;
CCAP0L=0x7F;
CCAP0H=0x7F;
}
void SoundInit()
{
AUXR |= 0x80; //定时器时钟1T模式
TMOD &= 0xF0; //设置定时器模式
TL0 = 0x5A; //30兆晶振,8K的采样率定时
TH0 = 0xF1; //设置定时初值
TF0 = 0; //清除TF0标志
TR0 = 1; //定时器1开始计时
ET0=1;
CR=1;
EA=1;
}
void main()
{
Pca_Init();
SoundInit();
while(1)
{
}
}
//控制采样率
void timer0() interrupt 1
{
CCAP0H=wavdat[wavIndex];
if(++wavIndex>=maxSize)wavIndex=0;
}
示例代码使用的声音数据采样率为8K,所以听上除了播放你好外,还有噪音,这也许是因为没有加滤波的原因,但播放22k及以上的声音,没有噪音,8K的语音,如果采用16K或32K采样率播放,则噪音就小了很多!