startup_LPC17XX.s 启动文件分析
工程中startup_LPC17XX.s是M3的启动文件,启动文件由汇编语言写的,它的作用一般是下面这几个:
1)堆和栈的初始化
2)中断向量表定义
3)地址重映射及中断向量表的转移
4)设置系统时钟频率
5)中断寄存器的初始化
6)进入C应用程序
core_cm3.c与core_cm3.h主要是M3外围驱动源代码与头文件,使用时一般不需要修改,直接调用就可以。
system_LPC17xx.c与system_LPC17xx.h是关于系统的文件,里面主要提供了系统初始化函数SystemInit(),文件中默认情况下定义的晶振的大小为12M,使用的是外部晶振,还使用了PLL0倍频,关于倍频的问题,以后慢慢再总结。芯片LPC1768的初始化主要包括
时钟配置,电源管理,功耗管理等。相比较而言,时钟配置相对复杂,因为它包括两个PLL倍频电路,一个是主PLL0主要是为系统和USB提供时钟,另一个是PLL1专门为USB提供48M时钟,但也可以不使用它们。由于时钟配置比较灵活,所以相以设置这些参数也比较复杂,但是这些在系统文件中已有明确的定义,所以想要变动时只需修改系统文件中相应的宏或函数即可。
程序完成如下内容的工作:
开辟一块大小为Stack_Size的栈空间;
标号__initial_sp指向栈顶位置;
定义堆空间大小为Heap_Size;
建立中断向量表Vectors,cortex-M3规定起始地址必须存放栈顶地址即__initial_sp,紧接着存放复位入口地址,这样内核复位后就会自动从起始地址的下32位取出复位地址执行复位中断服务函数。
Reset_Handler复位中断函数中先EXPORT声明Reset_Handler的全局性,然后分别执行外部的函数SystemInit和__main。
下面对汇编程序中的几个关键字做说明:
AREA伪指令:用于定义代码段和数据段,后跟属性标号。其中“READWRITE”表示可读写,“READONLY”只读属性。根据LPC1788的数据手册描述的存储介质,可知可读写段保持在SRAM区,起始地址为0x1000 0000,代码中的堆栈保存在SRAM空间。只读段保存在Flash区,起始地址为0x0000 0000,代码中的中断向量表保存在Flash空间。 因此可以总结出,在0x0000 0000 存放的是栈顶的地址__initial_sp(即0x1000
0200),在0x0000 0004 存放的是
Reset_Handler的地址。
图1:LPC1788 地址映射
图2: debug中 0地址的值0x1000 0200 即栈顶地址, 0x0000 0004 地址值为0x0000 00F9(看反汇编可知该值 即
Reset_Handler的入口如下图)。
DCD指令:开辟内存空间,中断向量表建立中使用相当于C语言中的函数指针,每个成员都是函数指针,指向各个中断服务函数。
自此分析了LPC1788的启动,主要包括堆栈初始化,和中断向量表的初始化。LPC1788有内部Flash,所以上电从内部Flash启动,内部Flash的起始地址为0x0000 0000,存放栈顶的地址0x1000 0200。 0x0000 0004存放复位中断的入口地址。LPC1788复位后,从0x0000 0004取出复位入口地址,执行中断复位函数,从而跳转到SystemInit和main C语言函数执行
;/*****************************************************************************
; * @file: startup_LPC17xx.s
; * @purpose: CMSIS Cortex-M3 Core Device Startup File
; * for the NXP LPC17xx Device Series
; * @version: V1.0
; * @date: 25. Nov. 2008
; *------- <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>> ------------------
; *
; * Copyright (C) 2008 ARM Limited. All rights reserved.
; * ARM Limited (ARM) is supplying this software for use with Cortex-M3
; * processor based microcontrollers. This file can be freely distributed
; * within development tools that are supporting such ARM based processors.
; *
; * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS". NO WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED
; * OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
; * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE APPLY TO THIS SOFTWARE.
; * ARM SHALL NOT, IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
; * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, FOR ANY REASON WHATSOEVER.
; *
; *****************************************************************************/
; Stack Configuration
; Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
;
Stack_Size EQU 0x00000200
AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size
__initial_sp
; Heap Configuration
; Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
;
Heap_Size EQU 0x00000000
AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size
__heap_limit
PRESERVE8
THUMB
; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY
EXPORT __Vectors
__Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; Top of Stack
DCD Reset_Handler
; Reset Handler
DCD NMI_Handler
; NMI Handler
DCD HardFault_Handler
; Hard Fault Handler
DCD MemManage_Handler
; MPU Fault Handler
DCD BusFault_Handler
; Bus Fault Handler
DCD UsageFault_Handler
; Usage Fault Handler
DCD
0 ; Reserved
DCD
0 ; Reserved
DCD
0 ; Reserved
DCD
0 ; Reserved
DCD SVC_Handler
; SVCall Handler
DCD DebugMon_Handler
; Debug Monitor Handler
DCD
0 ; Reserved
DCD PendSV_Handler
; PendSV Handler
DCD SysTick_Handler
; SysTick Handler
; External Interrupts
DCD WDT_IRQHandler
; 16: Watchdog Timer
DCD TIMER0_IRQHandler
; 17: Timer0
DCD TIMER1_IRQHandler
; 18: Timer1
DCD TIMER2_IRQHandler
; 19: Timer2
DCD TIMER3_IRQHandler
; 20: Timer3
DCD UART0_IRQHandler
; 21: UART0
DCD UART1_IRQHandler
; 22: UART1
DCD UART2_IRQHandler
; 23: UART2
DCD UART3_IRQHandler
; 24: UART3
DCD PWM1_IRQHandler
; 25: PWM1
DCD I2C0_IRQHandler
; 26: I2C0
DCD I2C1_IRQHandler
; 27: I2C1
DCD I2C2_IRQHandler
; 28: I2C2
DCD SPI_IRQHandler
; 29: SPI
DCD SSP0_IRQHandler
; 30: SSP0
DCD SSP1_IRQHandler
; 31: SSP1
DCD PLL0_IRQHandler
; 32: PLL0 Lock (Main PLL)
DCD RTC_IRQHandler
; 33: Real Time Clock
DCD EINT0_IRQHandler
; 34: External Interrupt 0
DCD EINT1_IRQHandler
; 35: External Interrupt 1
DCD EINT2_IRQHandler
; 36: External Interrupt 2
DCD EINT3_IRQHandler
; 37: External Interrupt 3
DCD ADC_IRQHandler
; 38: A/D Converter
DCD BOD_IRQHandler
; 39: Brown-Out Detect
DCD USB_IRQHandler
; 40: USB
DCD CAN_IRQHandler
; 41: CAN
DCD DMA_IRQHandler
; 42: General Purpose DMA
DCD I2S_IRQHandler
; 43: I2S
DCD ENET_IRQHandler
; 44: Ethernet
DCD RIT_IRQHandler
; 45: Repetitive Interrupt Timer
DCD MCPWM_IRQHandler
; 46: Motor Control PWM
DCD QEI_IRQHandler
; 47: Quadrature Encoder Interface
DCD PLL1_IRQHandler
; 48: PLL1 Lock (USB PLL)
; IF :LNOT::DEF:NO_CRP
; AREA |.ARM.__at_0x02FC|, CODE, READONLY
;CRP_Key DCD 0xFFFFFFFF
; ENDIF
AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY
; Reset Handler
Reset_Handler PROC
EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]
IMPORT __main
LDR R0, =__main
BX R0
ENDP
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
NMI_Handler PROC
EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
HardFault_Handler
PROC
EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
MemManage_Handler
PROC
EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
BusFault_Handler
PROC
EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
UsageFault_Handler
PROC
EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SVC_Handler PROC
EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
DebugMon_Handler
PROC
EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
PendSV_Handler PROC
EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]
B .
ENDP
Default_Handler PROC
EXPORT WDT_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIMER0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIMER1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIMER2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT TIMER3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT UART3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PWM1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2C2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SPI_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SSP0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT SSP1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PLL0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RTC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EINT0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EINT1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EINT2_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT EINT3_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ADC_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT BOD_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT USB_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT CAN_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT DMA_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT I2S_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT ENET_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT RIT_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT MCPWM_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT QEI_IRQHandler [WEAK]
EXPORT PLL1_IRQHandler [WEAK]
WDT_IRQHandler
TIMER0_IRQHandler
TIMER1_IRQHandler
TIMER2_IRQHandler
TIMER3_IRQHandler
UART0_IRQHandler
UART1_IRQHandler
UART2_IRQHandler
UART3_IRQHandler
PWM1_IRQHandler
I2C0_IRQHandler
I2C1_IRQHandler
I2C2_IRQHandler
SPI_IRQHandler
SSP0_IRQHandler
SSP1_IRQHandler
PLL0_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
EINT0_IRQHandler
EINT1_IRQHandler
EINT2_IRQHandler
EINT3_IRQHandler
ADC_IRQHandler
BOD_IRQHandler
USB_IRQHandler
CAN_IRQHandler
DMA_IRQHandler
I2S_IRQHandler
ENET_IRQHandler
RIT_IRQHandler
MCPWM_IRQHandler
QEI_IRQHandler
PLL1_IRQHandler
B .
ENDP
ALIGN
; User Initial Stack & Heap
IF :DEF:__MICROLIB
EXPORT __initial_sp
EXPORT __heap_base
EXPORT __heap_limit
ELSE
IMPORT __use_two_region_memory
EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap
__user_initial_stackheap
LDR R0, = Heap_Mem
LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)
LDR R3, = Stack_Mem
BX LR
ALIGN
ENDIF
END