嵌入式

嵌入式linux开发实用工具小程序

2019-07-12 14:50发布

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    在学习和工作开发的时候，经常需要使用到各种各样不太常用的操作，这种情况一般是自己手动写一些小程序来处理。因为它们不太常用，所以经常用了又没保存，等到下一次在使用的时候又需要重写，这样的非常浪费时间和精力。所以想在这里统一记录一下，以备下次重新使用。代码以实用为主，如果缺陷，欢迎指出。

（一）十六进制字符转整型数字

    功能：将16进制的字符串转换为10进制的数字。我是没有找到相应的库函数，所以参考网上的代码自己手动写了个函数来实现。常用的函数有atoi,atol,他们都是将10进制的数字字符串转换为int或是long类型，所以在有些情况下不适用。 /*============================================================================= # FileName: hex2dec.cpp # Desc: Convert a hex string to a int number # Author: Caibiao Lee # Version: # LastChange: 2018-11-26 # History: =============================================================================*/ #include #include #include #include int c2i(char ch) { // 如果是数字，则用数字的ASCII码减去48, 如果ch = '2' ,则 '2' - 48 = 2 if(isdigit(ch)) return ch - 48; // 如果是字母，但不是A~F,a~f则返回 if( ch < 'A' || (ch > 'F' && ch < 'a') || ch > 'z' ) return -1; // 如果是大写字母，则用数字的ASCII码减去55, 如果ch = 'A' ,则 'A' - 55 = 10 // 如果是小写字母，则用数字的ASCII码减去87, 如果ch = 'a' ,则 'a' - 87 = 10 if(isalpha(ch)) return isupper(ch) ? ch - 55 : ch - 87; return -1; } int hex2dec(char *hex) { int len; int num = 0; int temp; int bits; int i; char str[64] = {0}; if(NULL==hex) { printf("input para error "); return 0; } if(('0'==hex[0])&&(('X'==hex[1])||('x'==hex[1]))) { strcpy(str,&hex[2]); }else { strcpy(str,hex); } printf("input num = %s ",str); // 此例中 str = "1de" 长度为3, hex是main函数传递的 len = strlen(str); for (i=0, temp=0; i 运行结果：  biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ./a.out 0x400 input num = 400 value hex = 0x400 value dec = 1024 biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$

（二）字符串转整型

     功能：将正常输入的16进制或是10进制的字符串转换为int数据类型 /*============================================================================= # FileName: hex2dec.cpp # Desc: Convert a hex/dec string to a int number # Author: Caibiao Lee # Version: # LastChange: 2018-12-03 # History: =============================================================================*/ #include #include #include #include int String2int(char *strChar) { int len=0; const char *pstrCmp1="0123456789ABCDEF"; const char *pstrCmp2="0123456789abcdef"; char *pstr=NULL; int uiValue=0; int j=0; unsigned int t=0; int i=0; if(NULL==strChar) return -1; if(0>=(len=strlen((const char *)strChar))) return -1; if(NULL!=(pstr=strstr(strChar,"0x"))||NULL!=(pstr=strstr(strChar,"0X"))) { pstr=(char *)strChar+2; if(0>=(len=strlen((const char *)pstr))) return -1; for(i=(len-1);i>=0;i--) { if(pstr[i]>'F') { for(t=0;t

（三）创建文件并填充固定数据

    功能：创建固定大小的一个文件，并且把这个文件填充为固定的数据。 /*============================================================================= # FileName: CreateFile.cpp # Desc: 创建固定大小的文件，然后填充固定的数据 # Author: Caibiao Lee # Version: # LastChange: 2018-11-26 # History: =============================================================================*/ #include #include #include #include //#define FILL_DATA_VALUE 0xff #define FILL_DATA_VALUE 0x30 //char 0 int c2i(char ch) { if(isdigit(ch)) return ch - 48; if( ch < 'A' || (ch > 'F' && ch < 'a') || ch > 'z' ) return -1; if(isalpha(ch)) return isupper(ch) ? ch - 55 : ch - 87; return -1; } int hex2dec(char *hex) { int len; int num = 0; int temp; int bits; int i; char str[64] = {0}; if(NULL==hex) { printf("input para error "); return 0; } if(('0'==hex[0])&&(('X'==hex[1])||('x'==hex[1]))) { strcpy(str,&hex[2]); }else { strcpy(str,hex); } printf("input num = %s ",str); len = strlen(str); for (i=0, temp=0; i 运行结果： biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ gcc CreateFile.cpp biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ls a.out CreateFile.cpp hex2dec.cpp main.cpp out.bin biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ./a.out ./out.bin 0x10 input num = 10 Need To Write Data Len 16 Fill Data Vale = 0x30 biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ ls a.out CreateFile.cpp hex2dec.cpp main.cpp out.bin biao@ubuntu:~/test/flash$ vim out.bin 1 0000000000000000

（四）批量处理图片

功能：批处理将图片前面固定的字节数删除。 /*============================================================================= # FileName: CutFile.cpp # Desc: 批量处理，将图片的前面固定字节删除 # Author: Caibiao Lee # Version: # LastChange: 2018-11-26 # History: =============================================================================*/ #include #include #include #include #include #define START_READ_POSITION 128 #define PHOTO_START_TIME 83641 //l_s32PhotoTime = 92809; int Cut_file(char * InputFile) { FILE *l_pFileInput = NULL; FILE *l_pFileOutput = NULL; char l_ars8OutputName[128] = {0}; unsigned char l_arru8TempData[1024] = {0}; int l_s32Ret = 0; static unsigned int ls_u32Num = 0; if(NULL== InputFile) { goto ERROR; } //sprintf(l_ars8OutputName,"./outfile/_%s",&InputFile[8]); sprintf(l_ars8OutputName,"./outfile/00%d.jpg",ls_u32Num++); //printf("out file name %s ",l_ars8OutputName); l_pFileInput = fopen(InputFile,"rb+"); if(NULL==l_pFileInput) { printf("input file open error "); goto ERROR; } l_pFileOutput = fopen(l_ars8OutputName,"w+"); if(NULL==l_pFileOutput) { printf("out file open error "); goto ERROR; } fseek(l_pFileInput,START_READ_POSITION,SEEK_SET); while(!feof(l_pFileInput)) { l_s32Ret = fread(l_arru8TempData,1,1024,l_pFileInput); if(l_s32Ret<0) { break; } l_s32Ret = fwrite(l_arru8TempData,1,l_s32Ret,l_pFileOutput); if(l_s32Ret<0) { break; } } ERROR: if(NULL!=l_pFileOutput) { fclose(l_pFileOutput); l_pFileOutput =NULL; }; if(NULL !=l_pFileInput); { fclose(l_pFileInput); l_pFileInput =NULL; } } int main(void) { char l_arrs8InputName[128] = {0}; char l_s8PhotoChannel = 0; int l_s32PhotoTime = 0; l_s8PhotoChannel = 3; l_s32PhotoTime = PHOTO_START_TIME; /**从第一通道开始**/ for(int j=1;j 运行结果： biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ gcc CutFile.cpp biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ ls a.out CutFile.cpp image outfile biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ ./a.out ./image/1Y083642.jpg ./image/1Y083714.jpg ./image/1Y083747.jpg ./image/1Y083820.jpg ./image/1Y083853.jpg ./image/1Y083925.jpg ./image/1Y084157.jpg ./image/1Y084228.jpg ./image/1Y084301.jpg ./image/1Y084334.jpg ./image/1Y084406.jpg ./image/1Y084439.jpg ./image/1Y084711.jpg ./image/1Y084742.jpg ./image/1Y173524.jpg ./image/1Y173556.jpg ./image/1Y173629.jpg ./image/1Y173702.jpg ./image/1Y173933.jpg ./image/1Y174004.jpg ./image/1Y174244.jpg ./image/1Y174315.jpg ./image/1Y174348.jpg ./image/1Y174420.jpg ./image/1Y174454.jpg ./image/1Y174733.jpg biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$ tree . ├── a.out ├── CutFile.cpp ├── image │   ├── 1Y083642.jpg │   ├── 1Y083714.jpg │   ├── 1Y083747.jpg │   ├── 1Y083820.jpg │   ├── 1Y083853.jpg │   ├── 1Y083925.jpg │   ├── 1Y084157.jpg │   ├── 1Y084228.jpg │   ├── 1Y084301.jpg │   ├── 1Y084334.jpg │   ├── 1Y084406.jpg │   ├── 1Y084439.jpg │   ├── 1Y084711.jpg │   ├── 1Y084742.jpg │   ├── 1Y173524.jpg │   ├── 1Y173556.jpg │   ├── 1Y173629.jpg │   ├── 1Y173702.jpg │   ├── 1Y173933.jpg │   ├── 1Y174004.jpg │   ├── 1Y174244.jpg │   ├── 1Y174315.jpg │   ├── 1Y174348.jpg │   ├── 1Y174420.jpg │   ├── 1Y174454.jpg │   └── 1Y174733.jpg └── outfile ├── 000.jpg ├── 0010.jpg ├── 0011.jpg ├── 0012.jpg ├── 0013.jpg ├── 0014.jpg ├── 0015.jpg ├── 0016.jpg ├── 0017.jpg ├── 0018.jpg ├── 0019.jpg ├── 001.jpg ├── 0020.jpg ├── 0021.jpg ├── 0022.jpg ├── 0023.jpg ├── 0024.jpg ├── 0025.jpg ├── 002.jpg ├── 003.jpg ├── 004.jpg ├── 005.jpg ├── 006.jpg ├── 007.jpg ├── 008.jpg └── 009.jpg 2 directories, 54 files biao@ubuntu:~/test/photo$     运行前需要创建两个目录，image用来存放需要处理的图片，outfile用来存放处理过后的文件。这种处理文件批处理方式很暴力，偶尔用用还是可以的。

（五）海思HI3520 IO控制小程序

嵌入式设备系统一般为了节省空间，一般都会对系统进行裁剪，所以很多有用的命令都会被删除。在嵌入式设备中要调试代码也是比较麻烦的，一般只能看串口打印。现在写了个小程序，专门用来查看和控制海思Hi3520DV300芯片的IO电平状态。 /*============================================================================= # FileName: Hi3520_IO_CTRL.cpp # Desc: Hi3520DV300 IO Write and Read # Author: Caibiao Lee # Version: # LastChange: 2018-11-30 # History: =============================================================================*/ #include #include #include "hstGpioAL.h" int PrintfInputTips(char *ps8Name) { printf("=========== error!!! ======== "); printf("usage Write: %s GPIO bit value ", ps8Name); printf("usage Read : %s GPIO bit ", ps8Name); printf("eg Write 1 to GPIO1_bit02 : %s 1 2 1 ", ps8Name); printf("eg Read GPIO1_bit02 Value : %s 1 2 ", ps8Name); printf("=============BT20================== ") printf("USB HUB GPIO_0_2 1_UP; 0_Down "); printf("RESET_HD GPIO_13_0 0_EN; 1_disEN "); printf("Power_HD GPIO_13_3 1_UP; 0_Down "); return 0; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if((3!=argc)&&(4!=argc)) { PrintfInputTips(argv[0]); return -1; } unsigned char l_u8GPIONum = 0; unsigned char l_u8GPIOBit = 0; unsigned char l_u8SetValue = 0; GPIO_GROUP_E l_eGpioGroup; GPIO_BIT_E l_eBit; GPIO_DATA_E l_eData; l_u8GPIONum = atoi(argv[1]); l_u8GPIOBit = atoi(argv[2]); if(l_u8GPIONum<14) { l_eGpioGroup = (GPIO_GROUP_E)l_u8GPIONum; }else { printf("l_u8GPIONum error l_u8GPIONum = %d ",l_u8GPIONum); return -1; }; if(l_u8GPIOBit<8) { l_eBit = (GPIO_BIT_E)l_u8GPIOBit; }else { printf("l_u8GPIOBit error l_u8GPIOBit = %d ",l_u8GPIOBit); return -1; } if(NULL!=argv[3]) { l_u8SetValue = atoi(argv[3]); if(0==l_u8SetValue) { l_eData = (GPIO_DATA_E)l_u8SetValue; }else if(1==l_u8SetValue) { l_eData = (GPIO_DATA_E)l_u8SetValue; }else { printf("l_u8SetValue error l_u8SetValue = %d ",l_u8SetValue); } } if(3==argc) {/**read**/ printf("read GPIO%d Bit%d ",l_u8GPIONum,l_u8GPIOBit); /**set input**/ HstGpio_Set_Direction(l_eGpioGroup, l_eBit, GPIO_INPUT); /**read **/ char l_s8bit_val = 0; HstGpio_Get_Value(l_eGpioGroup, l_eBit, &l_s8bit_val); printf("read Data = %d ",l_s8bit_val); }else if(4==argc) {/**write**/ printf("Write GPIO %d; Bit %d; Value %d ",l_u8GPIONum,l_u8GPIOBit,l_u8SetValue); /***set IO output*/ HstGpio_Set_Direction(l_eGpioGroup, l_eBit, GPIO_OUPUT); /**Write To IO**/ HstGpio_Set_Value(l_eGpioGroup,l_eBit,l_eData); }else { } return 0; }     完整工程代码下载地址：Hi3520DV300 IO读写应用小程序

（六）路由追踪

路由追踪用来查看网络路由状态，在linux设备中，可以使用traceroute 和tracepath 命令来跟踪路由。在我UbuntuPC端我使用tracepath跟踪我主机到百度的路由如下： biao@ubuntu:~$ biao@ubuntu:~$ biao@ubuntu:~$ tracepath www.baidu.com 1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500 1: 192.168.20.254 1.425ms 1: 192.168.20.254 1.733ms 2: 10.10.10.254 1.997ms 3: 10.10.10.254 1.522ms pmtu 1492 3: 100.64.0.1 10.884ms 4: 113.106.44.49 4.968ms asymm 5 5: 202.105.158.77 4.629ms 6: 113.96.4.42 11.837ms 7: no reply 8: 14.29.121.190 9.454ms 9: no reply 10: no reply 11: no reply 12: no reply 13: no reply 14: no reply 15: no reply ^C biao@ubuntu:~$ 在我一台使用移动物联网卡的设备上运行traceroute,它是4G卡拨号上网的，他的路由情况如下： ~ # ~ # ~ # traceroute www.baidu.com traceroute to www.baidu.com (111.13.100.92), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets 1 * 192.168.16.17 (192.168.16.17) 177.186 ms 79.267 ms 2 * * * 3 117.132.190.74 (117.132.190.74) 68.455 ms 51.361 ms 59.812 ms 4 * * * 5 221.183.38.90 (221.183.38.90) 83.953 ms 87.263 ms 74.621 ms 6 111.13.98.101 (111.13.98.101) 81.521 ms 111.13.98.93 (111.13.98.93) 77.664 ms 111.13.98.101 (111.13.98.101) 79.678 ms 7 * * 111.13.112.57 (111.13.112.57) 418.551 ms 8 * * * 9 * * * 10 *

（七）文件固定位置插入数据

       在文件的固定位置插入固定的数据 #include #include #include #define BASIC_FILE_NAME "./nandflash.bin" #define UBOOT_FILE_NAME "./u-boot.bin" #define KERNEL_FILE_NAME "./kernel.bin" #define ROOTFS_FILE_NAME "./rootfs.bin" #define APP_FILE_NAME "./app.bin" #define UBOOT_POSITION 0x00 #define KERNEL_POSITION 0x100000 #define ROOTFS_POSITION 0x500000 #define APP_POSITION 0x2700000 int InsertData(FILE *pfBasic,FILE *psInsert,int s32Position) { int l_S32Ret = 0; unsigned char l_arru8Temp[1024] = {0xff}; fseek(pfBasic,s32Position,SEEK_SET); fseek(psInsert,0,SEEK_SET); while(1) { l_S32Ret = fread(l_arru8Temp,1,1024,psInsert); if(l_S32Ret > 0) { l_S32Ret = fwrite(l_arru8Temp,1,l_S32Ret,pfBasic); if(l_S32Ret<=0) { printf("line %d error l_S32Ret = %d ",__LINE__,l_S32Ret); return -1; } }else { break; } } return 0; } int main(void) { int l_s32Ret = 0; FILE *l_pfBasec = NULL; FILE *l_pfUboot = NULL; FILE *l_pfKernel = NULL; FILE *l_pfRootfs = NULL; FILE *l_pfApp = NULL; l_pfBasec = fopen(BASIC_FILE_NAME,"r+"); if(NULL==l_pfBasec) { printf("line %d error ",__LINE__); goto ERROR; } l_pfUboot = fopen(UBOOT_FILE_NAME,"r"); if(NULL==l_pfUboot) { printf("line %d error ",__LINE__); goto ERROR; } l_pfKernel = fopen(KERNEL_FILE_NAME,"r"); if(NULL==l_pfKernel) { printf("line %d error ",__LINE__); goto ERROR; } l_pfRootfs = fopen(ROOTFS_FILE_NAME,"r"); if(NULL==l_pfRootfs) { printf("line %d error ",__LINE__); goto ERROR; } l_pfApp = fopen(APP_FILE_NAME,"r"); if(NULL==l_pfApp) { printf("line %d error ",__LINE__); goto ERROR; } if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfUboot,UBOOT_POSITION)) { printf("line %d error ",__LINE__); goto ERROR; } if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfKernel,KERNEL_POSITION)) { printf("line %d error ",__LINE__); goto ERROR; } if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfRootfs,ROOTFS_POSITION)) { printf("line %d error ",__LINE__); goto ERROR; } if(0> InsertData(l_pfBasec,l_pfApp,APP_POSITION)) { printf("line %d error ",__LINE__); goto ERROR; } ERROR: if(NULL!=l_pfBasec) { fclose(l_pfBasec); l_pfBasec = NULL; } if(NULL!=l_pfUboot) { fclose(l_pfUboot); l_pfUboot = NULL; } if(NULL!=l_pfKernel) { fclose(l_pfKernel); l_pfKernel = NULL; } if(NULL!=l_pfRootfs) { fclose(l_pfRootfs); l_pfRootfs = NULL; } if(NULL!=l_pfApp) { fclose(l_pfApp); l_pfApp = NULL; } return 0; }  

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