嵌入式Linux驱动笔记(三)------LCD驱动程序

2019-07-12 15:23发布

你好!这里是风筝的博客, 欢迎和我一起交流。

开发板为JZ2440, 以Linux Kernel 4.4.17为例
在Kernel自带的s3c2410fb.c文件中,就是LCD的驱动。 我们可以照着这个文件编写一个LCD驱动。
在文件中s3c24xxfb_probe函数就是LCD的初始化.对着这个函数写即可. 值得注意的是,函数里对clk时钟的操作: info->clk = clk_get(NULL, "lcd");
if (IS_ERR(info->clk)) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get lcd clock source ");
ret = PTR_ERR(info->clk);
goto release_irq;
}
clk_prepare_enable(info->clk);
dprintk("got and enabled clock ");
usleep_range(1000, 1100);

其他的就和视频里讲的差不多了,就是参数不同而已,LCD的分辨率是272*480. #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include //#include //#include //#include #include #include static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red, unsigned int green, unsigned int blue, unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info); struct lcd_regs { unsigned long lcdcon1; unsigned long lcdcon2; unsigned long lcdcon3; unsigned long lcdcon4; unsigned long lcdcon5; unsigned long lcdsaddr1; unsigned long lcdsaddr2; unsigned long lcdsaddr3; unsigned long redlut; unsigned long greenlut; unsigned long bluelut; unsigned long reserved[9]; unsigned long dithmode; unsigned long tpal; unsigned long lcdintpnd; unsigned long lcdsrcpnd; unsigned long lcdintmsk; unsigned long lpcsel; }; static struct fb_ops s3c_lcdfb_ops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .fb_setcolreg = s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg, .fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect, .fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea, .fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit, }; static struct fb_info *s3c_lcd; static volatile unsigned long *gpbcon; static volatile unsigned long *gpbdat; static volatile unsigned long *gpccon; static volatile unsigned long *gpdcon; static volatile unsigned long *gpgcon; static volatile struct lcd_regs* lcd_regs; static u32 pseudo_palette[16]; /* from pxafb.c */ static inline unsigned int chan_to_field(unsigned int chan, struct fb_bitfield *bf) { chan &= 0xffff; chan >>= 16 - bf->length; return chan << bf->offset; } static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red, unsigned int green, unsigned int blue, unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info) { unsigned int val; if (regno > 16) return 1; /* 用red,green,blue三原 {MOD}构造出val */ val = chan_to_field(red, &info->var.red); val |= chan_to_field(green, &info->var.green); val |= chan_to_field(blue, &info->var.blue); //((u32 *)(info->pseudo_palette))[regno] = val; pseudo_palette[regno] = val; return 0; } static int lcd_init(void) { struct clk *clk; /* 1. 分配一个fb_info */ s3c_lcd = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL); clk = clk_get(NULL, "lcd"); //clk_enable(clk); if (IS_ERR(clk)) { printk( "failed to get lcd clock source "); } clk_prepare_enable(clk); printk("got and enabled clock "); usleep_range(1000, 1100); /* 2. 设置 */ /* 2.1 设置固定的参数 */ strcpy(s3c_lcd->fix.id, "mylcd"); s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len = 272*480*16/8; s3c_lcd->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS; s3c_lcd->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR; /* TFT */ s3c_lcd->fix.line_length = 480*2; /* 2.2 设置可变的参数 */ s3c_lcd->var.xres = 480; s3c_lcd->var.yres = 272; s3c_lcd->var.xres_virtual = 480; s3c_lcd->var.yres_virtual = 272; s3c_lcd->var.bits_per_pixel = 16; /* RGB:565 */ s3c_lcd->var.red.offset = 11; s3c_lcd->var.red.length = 5; s3c_lcd->var.green.offset = 5; s3c_lcd->var.green.length = 6; s3c_lcd->var.blue.offset = 0; s3c_lcd->var.blue.length = 5; s3c_lcd->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW; /* 2.3 设置操作函数 */ s3c_lcd->fbops = &s3c_lcdfb_ops; /* 2.4 其他的设置 */ s3c_lcd->pseudo_palette = pseudo_palette; //s3c_lcd->screen_base = ; /* 显存的虚拟地址 */ s3c_lcd->screen_size = 272*480*16/8; /* 3. 硬件相关的操作 */ /* 3.1 配置GPIO用于LCD */ gpbcon = ioremap(0x56000010, 8); gpbdat = gpbcon+1; gpccon = ioremap(0x56000020, 4); gpdcon = ioremap(0x56000030, 4); gpgcon = ioremap(0x56000060, 4); *gpccon = 0xaaaa56aa; /* GPIO管脚用于VD[7:0],LCDVF[2:0],VM,VFRAME,VLINE,VCLK,LEND */ *gpdcon = 0xaaaaaaaa; /* GPIO管脚用于VD[23:8] */ *gpbcon &= ~(3); /* GPB0设置为输出引脚 */ *gpbcon |= 1; *gpbdat &= ~1; /* 输出低电平 */ *gpgcon |= (3<<8); /* GPG4用作LCD_PWREN */ /* 3.2 根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器, 比如VCLK的频率等 */ lcd_regs = ioremap(0x4D000000, sizeof(struct lcd_regs)); /* bit[17:8]: VCLK = HCLK / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2], LCD手册P14 * 10MHz(100ns) = 100MHz / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2] //dmesg * CLKVAL = 4 * bit[6:5]: 0b11, TFT LCD * bit[4:1]: 0b1100, 16 bpp for TFT * bit[0] : 0 = Disable the video output and the LCD control signal. */ lcd_regs->lcdcon1 = (4<<8) | (3<<5) | (0x0c<<1); #if 1 /* 垂直方向的时间参数 * bit[31:24]: VBPD, VSYNC之后再过多长时间才能发出第1行数据 * LCD手册 T0-T2-T1=4 * VBPD=3 * bit[23:14]: 多少行, 320, 所以LINEVAL=320-1=319 * bit[13:6] : VFPD, 发出最后一行数据之后,再过多长时间才发出VSYNC * LCD手册T2-T5=322-320=2, 所以VFPD=2-1=1 * bit[5:0] : VSPW, VSYNC信号的脉冲宽度, LCD手册T1=1, 所以VSPW=1-1=0 */ lcd_regs->lcdcon2 = (1<<24) | (271<<14) | (1<<6) | (9<<0); /* 水平方向的时间参数 * bit[25:19]: HBPD, VSYNC之后再过多长时间才能发出第1行数据 * LCD手册 T6-T7-T8=17 * HBPD=16 * bit[18:8]: 多少列, 240, 所以HOZVAL=240-1=239 * bit[7:0] : HFPD, 发出最后一行里最后一个象素数据之后,再过多长时间才发出HSYNC * LCD手册T8-T11=251-240=11, 所以HFPD=11-1=10 */ lcd_regs->lcdcon3 = (1<<19) | (479<<8) | (1<<0); /* 水平方向的同步信号 * bit[7:0] : HSPW, HSYNC信号的脉冲宽度, LCD手册T7=5, 所以HSPW=5-1=4 */ lcd_regs->lcdcon4 = 40; #else lcd_regs->lcdcon2 = S3C2410_LCDCON2_VBPD(5) | S3C2410_LCDCON2_LINEVAL(319) | S3C2410_LCDCON2_VFPD(3) | S3C2410_LCDCON2_VSPW(1); lcd_regs->lcdcon3 = S3C2410_LCDCON3_HBPD(10) | S3C2410_LCDCON3_HOZVAL(239) | S3C2410_LCDCON3_HFPD(1); lcd_regs->lcdcon4 = S3C2410_LCDCON4_MVAL(13) | S3C2410_LCDCON4_HSPW(0); #endif /* 信号的极性 * bit[11]: 1=565 format * bit[10]: 0 = The video data is fetched at VCLK falling edge * bit[9] : 1 = HSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效 * bit[8] : 1 = VSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效 * bit[6] : 0 = VDEN不用反转 * bit[3] : 0 = PWREN输出0 * bit[1] : 0 = BSWP * bit[0] : 1 = HWSWP 2440手册P413 */ lcd_regs->lcdcon5 = (1<<11) | (0<<10) | (1<<9) | (1<<8) | (1<<0); /* 3.3 分配显存(framebuffer), 并把地址告诉LCD控制器 */ s3c_lcd->screen_base = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, &s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start, GFP_KERNEL); lcd_regs->lcdsaddr1 = (s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start >> 1) & ~(3<<30); lcd_regs->lcdsaddr2 = ((s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start + s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len) >> 1) & 0x1fffff; lcd_regs->lcdsaddr3 = (480*16/16); /* 一行的长度(单位: 2字节) */ //s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start = xxx; /* 显存的物理地址 */ /* 启动LCD */ lcd_regs->lcdcon1 |= (1<<0); /* 使能LCD控制器 */ lcd_regs->lcdcon5 |= (1<<3); /* 使能LCD本身 */ *gpbdat |= 1; /* 输出高电平, 使能背光 */ /* 4. 注册 */ register_framebuffer(s3c_lcd); return 0; } static void lcd_exit(void) { unregister_framebuffer(s3c_lcd); lcd_regs->lcdcon1 &= ~(1<<0); /* 关闭LCD本身 */ *gpbdat &= ~1; /* 关闭背光 */ dma_free_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, s3c_lcd->screen_base, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start); iounmap(lcd_regs); iounmap(gpbcon); iounmap(gpccon); iounmap(gpdcon); iounmap(gpgcon); framebuffer_release(s3c_lcd); } module_init(lcd_init); module_exit(lcd_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");


程序写好后,编译,没有error后,把Kernel中LCD的驱动支持去掉,不然会和我们写的LCD驱动有冲突。
make menuconfig 把Device Drivers->Graphics support->Frame buffer Devices-><*>S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support 修改为: Device Drivers->Graphics support->Frame buffer Devices->S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support
其实直接去掉也可以,因为cfbcopyarea.ko、cfbfillrect.ko和cfbimageblit.ko这三个.ko文件已经不是依赖于S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support编译了,
现在这三个.ko文件已经被编译进入Kernel了,不需要make modules了, 即使make modules,也不会出现cfbcopyarea.ko、cfbfillrect.ko和cfbimageblit.ko,没有了,只会在drivers/video/fbdev路径下出现个s3c2410fb.ko文件,这个就是把S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support配置成模块时make modules出现的文件,现在对我们并没有什么用,记得当初我还傻傻的以为是那三个.ko文件合并成了一个.ko文件呢,搞得LCD老是不能用,郁闷......
make uImage生成内核映像之后,在make LCD驱动程序,之后在板子上直接insmod lcd.ko就能直接驱动LCD了. echo hello > /dev/tty1 这样,在LCD就会出现hello字样了。
同时,还有个小问题,就是LCD会在无操作10分钟后黑屏(熄屏休眠),重新对LCD操作后又会使得它亮起来,这是在:  vt.c文件(drivers/tty/vt目录下) 定义的:static int blankinterval = 10*60; 如果不想黑屏,直接把blankinterval 变量设为0即可

后记: 经网友(带你高飞)提醒,这三个.ko文件只是不依赖于S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support这个配置而已,依赖于Silicon Motion SM501 framebuffer support. 在Device Drivers  --->Graphics support  --->Frame buffer Devices  --->  <*> Silicon Motion SM501 framebuffer support  修改成M,即可在/work/system/linux-4.8.17/drivers/video/fbdev/core 下发现三个.ko文件
不过我们是需要这三个.ko文件的,直接让他编译进内核即可。