linux字符驱动之查询按键

2019-07-12 21:47发布

在上一节中,我们讲解了如何自动创建设备节点,并用“最笨”的方法实现点亮LED。 上一节文章链接:http://blog.csdn.net/lwj103862095/article/details/17472455  这一节里,我们基于上一节的基础上,稍微改动一下,来实现一个查询方式的按键驱动。
问:既然是基于上一节的基础,只是稍微改动,改动了哪些? 答:框架是不变的,还是字符设备框架,硬件操作有稍微变动,上一节里,LED的GPIO设置为输出方式,这一节里,KEY的GPIO设置为输入方式;上一节里,LED驱动的核心函数实现了led_open,led_write,这一节里,KEY驱动的核心函数实现了key_open,key_read;最大不同点在于write函数和read函数,其他没什么不一样。
问:内核如何将数据传递给应用空间的程序? 答:上一节已经讲过了,使用copy_to_user函数。
详细请参考驱动源码:
#include #include #include #include #include //class_create static struct class *seconddrv_class; static struct device *seconddrv_device; volatile unsigned long *gpfcon = NULL; volatile unsigned long *gpfdat = NULL; int major; static int second_drv_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp) { /* K1 ---- EINT1,K2 ---- EINT4,K3 ---- EINT2,K4 ---- EINT0 * 配置GPF1、GPF4、GPF2、GPF0为输入引脚 */ *gpfcon &= ~((0x3 << (1*2)) | (0x3 << (4*2)) | (0x3 << (2*2)) | (0x3 << (0*2))); return 0; } static ssize_t second_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *user, size_t size,loff_t *ppos) { unsigned char key_vals[4]; unsigned long val; //用于接收按键值 if (size != sizeof(key_vals)) return -EINVAL; /* K1 ---- EINT1,K2 ---- EINT4,K3 ---- EINT2,K4 ---- EINT0 * 读GPF1、GPF4、GPF2、GPF0引脚值 */ val = *gpfdat; key_vals[0] = (val & (1<<1)) ? 1 : 0; key_vals[1] = (val & (1<<4)) ? 1 : 0; key_vals[2] = (val & (1<<2)) ? 1 : 0; key_vals[3] = (val & (1<<0)) ? 1 : 0; /* 读出值后,将数据传给应用程序 */ copy_to_user(user, key_vals, sizeof(key_vals)); return sizeof(key_vals); } /* File operations struct for character device */ static const struct file_operations second_drv_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = second_drv_open, .read = second_drv_read, }; /* 驱动入口函数 */ static int second_drv_init(void) { /* 主设备号设置为0表示由系统自动分配主设备号 */ major = register_chrdev(0, "second_drv", &second_drv_fops); /* 创建seconddrv类 */ seconddrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "seconddrv"); /* 在seconddrv类下创建buttons设备,供应用程序打开设备*/ seconddrv_device = device_create(seconddrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* 将物理地址映射为虚拟地址 */ gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16); gpfdat = gpfcon + 1; return 0; } /* 驱动出口函数 */ static void second_drv_exit(void) { unregister_chrdev(major, "second_drv"); device_unregister(seconddrv_device); //卸载类下的设备 class_destroy(seconddrv_class); //卸载类 iounmap(gpfcon); //解除映射 } module_init(second_drv_init); //用于修饰入口函数 module_exit(second_drv_exit); //用于修饰出口函数 MODULE_AUTHOR("LWJ"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Just for Demon"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); //遵循GPL协议

应用测试程序源码:
#include #include #include #include #include /* second_test */ int main(int argc ,char *argv[]) { int fd; unsigned char key_vals[4]; int cnt = 0; //养成好习惯,用于计数时,一般初始化为0 fd = open("/dev/buttons",O_RDWR); if (fd < 0) { printf("open error "); } /* 查询方式死循环地读 */ while(1) { read(fd,key_vals,sizeof(key_vals)); if(!key_vals[0] || !key_vals[1] || (!key_vals[2]) || (!key_vals[3])) { printf("%04d key pressed: %d %d %d %d ",cnt++,key_vals[0],key_vals[1],key_vals[2],key_vals[3]); } } return 0; }

测试步骤1: [WJ2440]# ls Qt etc mnt second_drv.ko var TQLedtest first_drv.ko opt second_test web app_test first_test proc sys bin home root tmp dev lib sbin udisk driver_test linuxrc sddisk usr [WJ2440]# ls /dev/buttons -l ls: /dev/buttons: No such file or directory [WJ2440]# insmod second_drv.ko [WJ2440]# lsmod second_drv 2184 0 - Live 0xbf009000 [WJ2440]# ls /dev/buttons -l crw-rw---- 1 root root 252, 0 Jan 2 01:52 /dev/buttons [WJ2440]# ls sys/class/seconddrv/ -l lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 2 01:52 buttons -> ../../devices/virtual/seconddrv/buttons [WJ2440]# ./second_test 0000 key pressed: 0 1 1 1 0001 key pressed: 0 1 1 1 0002 key pressed: 0 1 1 1 0003 key pressed: 0 1 1 1 0004 key pressed: 0 1 1 1 .... 0305 key pressed: 1 0 1 1 0306 key pressed: 1 0 1 1 0307 key pressed: 1 0 1 1 0308 key pressed: 1 0 1 1 0309 key pressed: 1 0 1 1 .... 0460 key pressed: 1 1 0 1 0461 key pressed: 1 1 0 1 0462 key pressed: 1 1 0 1 0463 key pressed: 1 1 0 1 0464 key pressed: 1 1 0 1 .... 0615 key pressed: 1 1 1 0 0616 key pressed: 1 1 1 0 0617 key pressed: 1 1 1 0 0618 key pressed: 1 1 1 0 0619 key pressed: 1 1 1 0
测试步骤2:
[WJ2440]# ./second_test & [WJ2440]# top Mem: 9988K used, 50176K free, 0K shrd, 0K buff, 7168K cached CPU: 14.9% usr 84.8% sys 0.0% nic 0.0% idle 0.0% io 0.0% irq 0.1% sirq Load average: 0.71 0.22 0.07 2/23 603 PID PPID USER STAT VSZ %MEM CPU %CPU COMMAND 602 592 root R 1432 2.3 0 99.0 ./second_test 603 592 root R 2092 3.4 0 0.7 top 592 1 root S 2092 3.4 0 0.0 -/bin/sh 1 0 root S 2088 3.4 0 0.0 init 589 1 root S 2088 3.4 0 0.0 /usr/sbin/telnetd -l /bin/login 587 1 root S 1508 2.5 0 0.0 EmbedSky_wdg 573 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [rpciod/0] 5 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [khelper] 329 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [nfsiod] 2 0 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [kthreadd] 3 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [ksoftirqd/0] 4 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [events/0] 11 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [async/mgr] 237 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [kblockd/0] 247 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [khubd] 254 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [kmmcd] 278 2 root SW 0 0.0 0 0.0 [pdflush] 279 2 root SW 0 0.0 0 0.0 [pdflush] 280 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [kswapd0] 325 2 root SW< 0 0.0 0 0.0 [aio/0]
由测试步骤2可知,second_test进程在后台运行时,占用了将近99%的CPU利用率,显然,这种查询式驱动是不合理的,必将被取代。 上一节文章链接:http://blog.csdn.net/lwj103862095/article/details/17472455