该移植工作主要参考了韦东山的《嵌入式Linux应用开发完全手册》，第二期毕业班视频教程和友善之臂mini2440光盘提供的《Mini2440 Linux移植开发实战指南.pdf》，使用的bootloader是我根据韦东山老师制作的2012.04.01版本u-boot，具体制作方法可参考我的另一篇博客《
u-boot-2012.04.01修改移植和制作补丁文件 》，交叉编译器使用的是arm-linux-gcc : v4.3.2。
一. 内核启动流程，据此配置内核(机器ID)
1. 获取内核源码 www.kernel.org
https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.4.2.tar.bz2
2. 解压内核
# tar xjvf linux-3.4.2.tar.bz2
3. 修改顶层Makefile，指定交叉编译器
ARCH ?= arm CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-
4. 使用默认配置编译内核，可使用如下命令查看内核有哪些默认配置
# find -name "*defconfig"
使用缺省内核配置文件,s3c2410_defconfig 是SMDK2410 的缺省配置文件
# make s3c2410_defconfig
编译、测试
# make uImage
拷贝uImage到tftpboot目录
# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2
下载、启动内核
# tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2
# bootm 32000000
结果，启动后会产生乱码，原因是bootargs参数并未指定串口波特率，修改bootargs如下即可正常启动看到输出
# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3
5. 修改晶振频率
# vim arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/mach-smdk2440.c
--s3c24xx_init_clocks(16934400);
++s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000);
编译、测试
# make s3c2410_defconfig //支持内核较多
# make uImage
# set machid 16a //SMDK2440的机器ID
# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3
# tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2
# bootm 32000000
可正常输出内核启动信息，说明串口工作正常
二. 修改分区, 制作新的文件系统
2.1 修改分区，和我修改后的u-boot-2012.04.01一致，参考友善之臂文档《Mini2440 Linux移植开发实战指南.pdf》
0x00000000-0x00060000 : "bootloader"
0x00060000-0x00080000 : "params"
0x00050000-0x00580000 : "kernel"
0x00580000- : "root"
# vim arch/arm/mach-s3c24xx/common-smdk.c
点击(此处)折叠或打开
static struct mtd_partition smdk_default_nand_part[] = {
[0] = {
.name = "bootloader",
.size = SZ_256K + SZ_128K,
.offset = 0,
},
[1] = {
.name = "params",
.offset = SZ_256K + SZ_128K,
.size = SZ_128K,
},
[2] = {
.name = "kernel",
.offset = SZ_512K,
.size = 0x00500000,
},
[3] = {
.name = "root",
.offset = SZ_512K + 0x00500000,
.size = MTDPART_SIZ_FULL,
},
};
编译、测试
# make uImage
# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2
# setenv bootcmd 'tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2;bootm 32000000'
# boot
可看到打印出如下分区信息
点击(此处)折叠或打开
List of all partitions:
1f00 384 mtdblock0 (driver?)
1f01 128 mtdblock1 (driver?)
1f02 5120 mtdblock2 (driver?)
1f03 1042944 mtdblock3 (driver?)
烧写文件系统、测试fs_mini_mdev.yaffs2<该文件系统来自韦东山老师的教程>
# tftp 32000000 fs_mini_mdev.yaffs2
# nand erase.part root
# nand write.yaffs 32000000 0x580000 $filesize
测试
# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3
# setenv bootcmd 'tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2;bootm 32000000'
# boot
结果：
No filesystem could mount root, tried: ext3 ext2 cramfs vfat msdos iso9660 romfs
测试jffs2
# tftp 32000000 fs_mini_mdev.jffs2
# nand erase.part root
# nand write.jffs2 32000000 580000 $filesize
# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2
# boot
不能使用
2.2 制作根文件系统
① 编译安装busybox
编译 busybox-1.20.0.tar.bz2
# tar xjvf busybox-1.20.0.tar.bz2
# cd busybox-1.20.0
# make menuconfig
Busybox Settings --->
Build Options --->
() Cross Compiler prefix
填入arm-linux-
保存、退出，执行make
# make
创建文件系统目录
# cd /work/nfsroot
# mkdir fs_mini_mdev_new
安装
# make install CONFIG_PREFIX=/work/nfsroot/fs_mini_mdev_new
② 安装libc库，使用arm-linux-gcc 4.3.2 中的库文件
# cd /work/nfsroot/fs_mini_mdev_new
# mkdir lib
# cd lib
# cp /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/lib/*so* ./ -d
# cd ../
# mkdir usr/lib -p
# cd usr/lib
# cp /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/usr/lib/*so* ./ -d
③ 构建etc目录
# cp -rf ../fs_mini_mdev/etc ./
修改inttab
# vim inittab
将s3c2410_serial0改为console
④ 构建dev目录
# mkdir dev
# cd dev
# mknod console c 5 1
# mknod null c 1 3
⑤ 创建其他目录
# mkdir proc tmp mnt sys root
⑥ 制作jffs2根文件系统，参考《嵌入式Linux应用开发完全手册》
# mkfs.jffs2 -n -s 2048 -e 128KiB -d fs_mini_mdev_new -o fs_mini_mdev_new.jffs2
⑦ 烧写测试
# cp fs_mini_mdev_new.jffs2 /work/tftpboot
# tftp 32000000 fs_mini_mdev_new.jffs2
# nand erase.part root
# nand write.jffs2 32000000 580000 $filesize
# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3 rootfstype=jffs2
# boot
⑧ 结果
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000004
出错、退出
解决方法
配置内核
# make menuconfig
Kernel Features --->
[*] Use the ARM EABI to compile the kernel //选中该项
# make uImage
# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2_eabi
测试
# tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2_eabi
# bootm 32000000
可正常启动
Please press Enter to activate this console.
/ #
三. 移植YAFFS文件系统
获取yaffs2源码
# git clone git://www.aleph1.co.uk/yaffs2
给内核打yaffs2补丁，参考readme
# cd yaffs2
# ./patch-ker.sh c m /work/kernel/linux-3.4.2
配置内核使其支持yaffs2文件系统
# make menuconfig
File systems --->
[*]Miscellaneous filesystems --->
<*> yaffs2 file system support
# make uImage
制作yaffs2根文件系统
# mkyaffs2image fs_mini_mdev_new fs_mini_mdev_new.yaffs2
# mv fs_mini_mdev_new.yaffs2 /work/tftpboot/
# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2_yaffs2
烧写Yaffs2文件系统
# tftp 32000000 fs_mini_mdev_new.yaffs2
# nand erase.part root //擦除root分区
# nand write.yaffs 32000000 580000 $filesize //亲测用nand write.jffs2会出错，找不到init进程
启动内核
# tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2_yaffs2
# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3
# bootm 32000000
可修改bootcmd参数便捷启动
# setenv bootcmd 'tftp 32000000 uImage_3.4.2_yaffs2;bootm 32000000'
四. 裁剪内核
查看现在内核大小
# ls arch/arm/boot/uImage -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2486104 Dec 30 22:41 arch/arm/boot/uImage
# make menuconfig //去掉不需要的项
a. 去掉不需要支持的单板
System Type --->
SAMSUNG S3C24XX SoCs Support --->
*** S3C24XX SoCs ***
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2410
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2412
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2416/S3C2450
[*] SAMSUNG S3C2440
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2442
[ ] SAMSUNG S3C2443
*** S3C2440 Boards ***
[ ] Simtec Electronics ANUBIS
[ ] Avantech AT2440EVB development board
[*] MINI2440 development board
[ ] NexVision NEXCODER 2440 Light Board
[ ] Simtec IM2440D20 (OSIRIS) module
[ ] HP iPAQ rx3715
[*] SMDK2440
[*] SMDK2440 with S3C2440 CPU module
b. 裁剪对文件系统的支持
File systems --->
< > Second extended fs support //去掉对ext2的支持
< > Ext3 journalling file system support //去掉对ext3的支持
DOS/FAT/NT Filesystems ---> //不作修改，对U盘的支持需要
c. 裁剪对驱动的支持
Device Drivers --->
Input device support --->
[ ] Provide legacy /dev/psaux device //delete
[ ] Mice ---> //delete
[ ] Keyboards ---> //delete
d.继续裁剪
File systems --->
CD-ROM/DVD Filesystems --->
< > ISO 9660 CDROM file system support //去掉对光盘的支持
[*] Miscellaneous filesystems --->
< > Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs) //delete
[ ] Include support for ZLIB compressed file systems //delete
< > ROM file system support //delete
Device Drivers --->
Input device support --->
[*] Touchscreens --->
<*> Samsung S3C2410/generic touchscreen input driver //配置上该项
< > USB Touchscreen Driver //delete
Device Drivers --->
<*> Sound card support --->
<*> Advanced Linux Sound Architecture --->
[ ] USB sound devices ---> //delete
Device Drivers --->
[*] USB support --->
[ ] The shared table of common (or usual) storage devices //delete
保存、退出编译内核
# make uImage
# cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/tftpboot/uImage_3.4.2_sm
烧写内核
# tftp 30000000 uImage_3.4.2_sm
# nand erase.part kernel; nand write 30000000 kernel
启动内核
# set bootcmd 'nand read 30000000 kernel;bootm 30000000'
# set bootargs console=ttySAC0,115200 root=/dev/mtdblock3
# set machid 16a
# save
# boot
可正常启动
制作内核补丁
# cp .config config_mini2440
# make distclean
# cd ..
# mv linux-3.4.2 linux-3.4.2_mini2440
# tar xjv linux-3.4.2.tar.bz2
# diff -urN linux-3.4.2 linux-3.4.2_mini2440 > linux-3.4.2_mini2440.patch
附上我移植的内核补丁，
kernel_patch
使用内核补丁：
# patch -p1 < ../linux-3.4.2_mini2440.patch
# cp config_mini2440 .config
# make uImage
总结：移植测试过程采用的是SMDK2440的机器ID（16a），默认没有加入对网卡DM9000的支持，到这里该内核还不能够通过NFS方式挂接根文件系统，将在下一步完善该功能~~~，很多详细内容未作详细介绍，可参考我提到的资料~
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