字符设备驱动之复习
已经大半年没有搞过嵌入式linux的学习了,现在再次学,比第一次学的时候有了更加深刻的理解。
字符设备驱动:
包括1、最简单的字符设备驱动;2、含有ioctl、内核等待队列、阻塞类型、poll机制的字符设备驱动
不多说,先贴代码,这是包含了所有东西的字符设备驱动:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "memdev.h"
static mem_major = MEMDEV_MAJOR;
bool have_data = false; //用来标识有没有数据
module_param(mem_major, int, S_IRUGO);//在用户态下编程可以通过main()的来传递命令行参数,而编写一个内核模块则通过module_param() 使用 S_IRUGO 作为参数可以被所有人读取
struct mem_dev *mem_devp; //定义mem_dev结构体
struct cdev cdev; //定义cdev结构体,是描述一个字符设备的结构体
//定义open函数,因为在Linux中,每个设备都被当作特殊的文件处理
int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct mem_dev *dev;
int num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);//函数用来返回次设备号
if (num >= MEMDEV_NR_DEVS)
return -ENODEV;
dev = &mem_devp[num];
/*将设备描述结构指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
filp->private_data = dev;
return 0;
}
//设备release函数
int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}
//设备读函数
static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;//定义文件游标指针
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; //获得设备结构体指针
//判断要读的位置有没有越界
if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
return 0;
if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;
while (!have_data) //如果没有数据可以读,则等待
{
if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
return -EAGAIN;
wait_event_interruptible(dev->inq,have_data);//等待函数
}
//把数据读到用户空间
if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->data + p), count))
{
ret = - EFAULT;
}
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d
", count, p);
}
have_data = false; //没有数据可读
return ret;
}
//写函数
static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
unsigned int count = size;
int ret = 0;
struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; //获取设备指针
//判断要写的位置有没有越界
if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
return 0;
if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;
//把用户空间的数据写到设备
if (copy_from_user(dev->data + p, buf, count))
ret = - EFAULT;
else
{
*ppos += count;
ret = count;
printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d
", count, p);
}
have_data = true; //表明有数据可读
//唤醒队列
wake_up(&(dev->inq));
return ret;
}
//文件定位函数
static loff_t mem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
loff_t newpos;
switch(whence) {
case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
newpos = offset;
break;
case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;
break;
case 2: /* SEEK_END */
newpos = MEMDEV_SIZE -1 + offset;
break;
default: /* can't happen */
return -EINVAL;
}
if ((newpos<0) || (newpos>MEMDEV_SIZE))
return -EINVAL;
filp->f_pos = newpos;
return newpos;
}
int memdev_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp,
unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int err = 0;
int ret = 0;
int ioarg = 0;
//检查命令有有效性,
if (_IOC_TYPE(cmd) != MEMDEV_IOC_MAGIC) //检测幻数
return -EINVAL;
if (_IOC_NR(cmd) > MEMDEV_IOC_MAXNR) //检测命令长度
return -EINVAL;
//根据命令类型,检测参数空间是否可以访问
if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_READ)
err = !access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, (void *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
else if (_IOC_DIR(cmd) & _IOC_WRITE)
err = !access_ok(VERIFY_READ, (void *)arg, _IOC_SIZE(cmd));
if (err)
return -EFAULT;
//判断命令
switch(cmd) {
///打印当前信息
case MEMDEV_IOCPRINT:
printk("<--- CMD MEMDEV_IOCPRINT Done--->
");
break;
//输出当前信息
case MEMDEV_IOCGETDATA:
ioarg = 4099;
ret = __put_user(ioarg, (int *)arg);
break;
//设置当前信息
case MEMDEV_IOCSETDATA:
ret = __get_user(ioarg, (int *)arg);
printk("<--- In Kernel MEMDEV_IOCSETDATA ioarg = %d --->
",ioarg);
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
return ret;
}
unsigned int mem_poll(struct file *filp, poll_table *wait)
{
struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
加入等待队列
poll_wait(filp, &dev->inq, wait);
}
//这个不解析了,相信很多人懂的
static const struct file_operations mem_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = mem_llseek,
.read = mem_read,
.write = mem_write,
.open = mem_open,
.release = mem_release,
.poll = mem_poll,
.ioctl = memdev_ioctl,
};
static int memdev_init(void)
{
int result;
int i;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0);
if (mem_major)
result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev");
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev");
mem_major = MAJOR(devno);
}
if (result < 0)
return result;
cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops);
cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev.ops = &mem_fops;
cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS);
mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!mem_devp)
{
result = - ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}
memset(mem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct mem_dev));
for (i=0; i < MEMDEV_NR_DEVS; i++)
{
mem_devp[i].size = MEMDEV_SIZE;
mem_devp[i].data = kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
memset(mem_devp[i].data, 0, MEMDEV_SIZE);
init_waitqueue_head(&(mem_devp[i].inq));
//init_waitqueue_head(&(mem_devp[i].outq));
}
myclass = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"test_char");
device_create(myclass, NULL, MKDEV(mem_major,0), NULL, "memdev0");
return 0;
fail_malloc:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return result;
}
static void memdev_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&cdev);
kfree(mem_devp);
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(mem_major, 0), 2);
}
MODULE_AUTHOR("David Xie");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
module_init(memdev_init);
module_exit(memdev_exit);
头文件:
#ifndef _MEMDEV_H_
#define _MEMDEV_H_
#ifndef MEMDEV_MAJOR
#define MEMDEV_MAJOR 0
#endif
#ifndef MEMDEV_NR_DEVS
#define MEMDEV_NR_DEVS 2
#endif
#ifndef MEMDEV_SIZE
#define MEMDEV_SIZE 4096
#endif
struct mem_dev
{
char *data;
unsigned long size;
wait_queue_head_t inq;
};
#define MEMDEV_IOC_MAGIC 'k'
#define MEMDEV_IOCPRINT _IO(MEMDEV_IOC_MAGIC, 1)
#define MEMDEV_IOCGETDATA _IOR(MEMDEV_IOC_MAGIC, 2, int)
#define MEMDEV_IOCSETDATA _IOW(MEMDEV_IOC_MAGIC, 2, int)
#define MEMDEV_IOC_MAXNR 3
#endif /* _MEMDEV_H_ */
以上代码都是参考国嵌的
解析:
ioctl:这个基本是用来设置设备参数的,因为它是用来执行命令,传入和传出内核的书基本不是大规模的数据,如是一个int或者char
内核阻塞:
本驱动程序中,在设备没有东西读的情况下,read函数会阻塞,进入睡眠状态,直到有东西写进被唤醒
poll:在应用程序中是select()函数,用来监控传入的文件集,如果文件集没有符合要求的文件,则阻塞调用进程
poll的详细可以参考:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-12461657-id-3191217.html