嵌入式

linux驱动编写（nand flash驱动）

2019-07-13 08:17发布

站内文章 / 嵌入式Linux
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    很长一段时间，nand flash都是嵌入式的标配产品。nand flash价格便宜，存储量大，适用于很多的场景。现在很普及的ssd，上面的存储模块其实也是由一块一块nand flash构成的。对于linux嵌入式来说，开始uboot的加载是硬件完成的，中期的kernel加载是由uboot中的nand flash驱动完成的，而后期的rootfs加载，这就要靠kernel自己来完成了。当然，这次还是以三星s3c芯片为例进行说明。
1、nand flash驱动在什么地方，可以从drviers/mtd/Makefile来看obj-y += chips/ lpddr/ maps/ devices/ nand/ onenand/ tests/
2、nand在mtd下面，是作为一个单独目录保存的，这时应该查看nand下的Kconfigconfig MTD_NAND_S3C2410 tristate "NAND Flash support for Samsung S3C SoCs" depends on ARCH_S3C24XX || ARCH_S3C64XX help This enables the NAND flash controller on the S3C24xx and S3C64xx SoCs No board specific support is done by this driver, each board must advertise a platform_device for the driver to attach. config MTD_NAND_S3C2410_DEBUG bool "Samsung S3C NAND driver debug" depends on MTD_NAND_S3C2410 help Enable debugging of the S3C NAND driver config MTD_NAND_S3C2410_CLKSTOP bool "Samsung S3C NAND IDLE clock stop" depends on MTD_NAND_S3C2410 default n help Stop the clock to the NAND controller when there is no chip selected to save power. This will mean there is a small delay when the is NAND chip selected or released, but will save approximately 5mA of power when there is nothing happening.3、不难发现，MTD_NAND_S3C2410才是那个真正的macro，尝试在Makefile找文件obj-$(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_S3C2410) += s3c2410.o4、查看s3c2410.c文件，看看基本结构构成static struct platform_driver s3c24xx_nand_driver = { .probe = s3c24xx_nand_probe, .remove = s3c24xx_nand_remove, .suspend = s3c24xx_nand_suspend, .resume = s3c24xx_nand_resume, .id_table = s3c24xx_driver_ids, .driver = { .name = "s3c24xx-nand", .of_match_table = s3c24xx_nand_dt_ids, }, }; module_platform_driver(s3c24xx_nand_driver); 5、继续分析s3c24xx_nand_probe函数 s3c2410_nand_init_chip(info, nmtd, sets);6、之所以从中摘出了s3c2410_nand_init_chip这个函数，是因为里面进行了函数注册类似的函数还有s3c2410_nand_update_chip函数 chip->write_buf = s3c2410_nand_write_buf; chip->read_buf = s3c2410_nand_read_buf; chip->select_chip = s3c2410_nand_select_chip; chip->chip_delay = 50; nand_set_controller_data(chip, nmtd); chip->options = set->options; chip->controller = &info->controller; switch (info->cpu_type) { case TYPE_S3C2410: chip->IO_ADDR_W = regs + S3C2410_NFDATA; info->sel_reg = regs + S3C2410_NFCONF; info->sel_bit = S3C2410_NFCONF_nFCE; chip->cmd_ctrl = s3c2410_nand_hwcontrol; chip->dev_ready = s3c2410_nand_devready; break; case TYPE_S3C2440: chip->IO_ADDR_W = regs + S3C2440_NFDATA; info->sel_reg = regs + S3C2440_NFCONT; info->sel_bit = S3C2440_NFCONT_nFCE; chip->cmd_ctrl = s3c2440_nand_hwcontrol; chip->dev_ready = s3c2440_nand_devready; chip->read_buf = s3c2440_nand_read_buf; chip->write_buf = s3c2440_nand_write_buf; break; case TYPE_S3C2412: chip->IO_ADDR_W = regs + S3C2440_NFDATA; info->sel_reg = regs + S3C2440_NFCONT; info->sel_bit = S3C2412_NFCONT_nFCE0; chip->cmd_ctrl = s3c2440_nand_hwcontrol; chip->dev_ready = s3c2412_nand_devready; if (readl(regs + S3C2410_NFCONF) & S3C2412_NFCONF_NANDBOOT) dev_info(info->device, "System booted from NAND "); break; }7、抓住了函数接口，就找到了基本逻辑。对于框架来说，它不关心你的代码如何实现。只要你按照它的接口写，就能让上层正常获得数据。platform、usb、pci这都是一种接口形式，具体实现还要按照各个具体功能模块来实现才行。
8、为什么我们都用s3c芯片进行举例因为它用的场景最多，学习资料最全，对于新手来说，这会少很多麻烦。
9、这个驱动依赖的kernel版本是什么
这里最有的代码都是按照最新4.16的版本进行分析的，大家可以直接查看这里的地址。

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