Linux内核中list_for_each()和list_for_each_save()

2019-07-13 08:29发布

今天看Linux内核代码,看到了list_for_each_save()函数,想仔细的研究一下。下面是源代码:list_for_each()的定义:/** * list_for_each - iterate over a list * @pos: the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor. * @head: the head for your list. */ #define list_for_each(pos, head) for (pos = (head)->next; pos != (head); pos = pos->next)list_for_each_save()的定义:/** * list_for_each_safe - iterate over a list safe against removal of list entry * @pos: the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor. * @n: another &struct list_head to use as temporary storage * @head: the head for your list. */ #define list_for_each_safe(pos, n, head) for (pos = (head)->next, n = pos->next; pos != (head); pos = n, n = pos->next)下面主要是介绍一下他们的区别:    我们指导在遍历一个双向链表list的时候有可能会删除其中的元素,这就有可能出现问题。我们首先看一下删除链表元素的
函数,函数如下:(注意:这里我们队Linux内核函数中设计的宏定义等进行了展开)static inline void list_del(struct list_head *entry) { entry->next->prev=entry->prev; entry->prev->next=entry->next; entry->next = LIST_POISON1; entry->prev = LIST_POISON2; }这里先说一下下面两行代码:entry->next = LIST_POISON1; entry->prev = LIST_POISON2;下面是LIST_POISON1和LIST_POISON2的出处: #ifdef CONFIG_ILLEGAL_POINTER_VALUE # define POISON_POINTER_DELTA _AC(CONFIG_ILLEGAL_POINTER_VALUE, UL) #else # define POISON_POINTER_DELTA 0 #endif /*通常情况下,非空指针会导致页错误,用于验证没有初始化的list元素。 * These are non-NULL pointers that will result in page faults * under normal circumstances, used to verify that nobody uses * non-initialized list entries. */ #define LIST_POISON1 ((void *) 0x100 + POISON_POINTER_DELTA) #define LIST_POISON2 ((void *) 0x200 + POISON_POINTER_DELTA)删除元素过程见下图:删除前:
删除后:
    当我们采用list__for_each()函数遍历list时,如果我们删除元素,就会导致pos指向的元素的prev=LIST_POISON1,next=LIST_POISON2,当执行到pos=pos->next时,就会出现错误。    但是当我们使用list_for_each_save()函数遍历list时,如果我们也删除元素后,会执行pos=n,而n=pos->next,注意:n=pos->next中的pos是删除的那个元素,所以虽然删除了元素pos,但是执行了pos=n后,pos指向了正确的遍历位置,所以使用list_for_each_save()函数遍历list时并不会出现错误。list_for_each_save()在遍历时之所以不会出现错误,是因为我们使用了n暂时保存了pos,也就是被删除元素所指向的下一个元素,所以用这个函数,准确来说是宏定义,不会出现遍历时删除元素的错误。