嵌入式Linux驱动笔记(十一)------i2c设备之mpu6050驱动

2019-07-13 08:46发布

你好!这里是风筝的博客,

欢迎和我一起交流。

上一节讲了i2c框架: 嵌入式Linux驱动笔记(十)——通俗易懂式了解i2c框架
这次就来写一写真正的i2c设备驱动:
mpu6050是一款6轴运动处理组件,采用i2c通信接口。
首先是厂家提供的mpu6050.h文件: #ifndef __MPU6050_H_ #define __MPU6050_H_ //定义MPU6050硬件地址 #define MPU_ADDR 0X68//接地为0X68 接高电平为0X69 //定义MPU6050寄存器地址 //#define MPU_ACCEL_OFFS_REG 0X06 //accel_offs寄存器,可读取版本号,寄存器手册未提到 //#define MPU_PROD_ID_REG 0X0C //prod id寄存器,在寄存器手册未提到 #define MPU_SELF_TESTX_REG 0X0D //自检寄存器X #define MPU_SELF_TESTY_REG 0X0E //自检寄存器Y #define MPU_SELF_TESTZ_REG 0X0F //自检寄存器Z #define MPU_SELF_TESTA_REG 0X10 //自检寄存器A #define MPU_SAMPLE_RATE_REG 0X19 //采样频率分频器 #define MPU_CFG_REG 0X1A //配置寄存器 #define MPU_GYRO_CFG_REG 0X1B //陀螺仪配置寄存器 #define MPU_ACCEL_CFG_REG 0X1C //加速度计配置寄存器 #define MPU_MOTION_DET_REG 0X1F //运动检测阀值设置寄存器 #define MPU_FIFO_EN_REG 0X23 //FIFO使能寄存器 #define MPU_I2CMST_CTRL_REG 0X24 //IIC主机控制寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV0_ADDR_REG 0X25 //IIC从机0器件地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV0_REG 0X26 //IIC从机0数据地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV0_CTRL_REG 0X27 //IIC从机0控制寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV1_ADDR_REG 0X28 //IIC从机1器件地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV1_REG 0X29 //IIC从机1数据地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV1_CTRL_REG 0X2A //IIC从机1控制寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV2_ADDR_REG 0X2B //IIC从机2器件地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV2_REG 0X2C //IIC从机2数据地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV2_CTRL_REG 0X2D //IIC从机2控制寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV3_ADDR_REG 0X2E //IIC从机3器件地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV3_REG 0X2F //IIC从机3数据地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV3_CTRL_REG 0X30 //IIC从机3控制寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV4_ADDR_REG 0X31 //IIC从机4器件地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV4_REG 0X32 //IIC从机4数据地址寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV4_DO_REG 0X33 //IIC从机4写数据寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV4_CTRL_REG 0X34 //IIC从机4控制寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV4_DI_REG 0X35 //IIC从机4读数据寄存器 #define MPU_I2CMST_STA_REG 0X36 //IIC主机状态寄存器 #define MPU_INTBP_CFG_REG 0X37 //中断/旁路设置寄存器 #define MPU_INT_EN_REG 0X38 //中断使能寄存器 #define MPU_INT_STA_REG 0X3A //中断状态寄存器 #define MPU_ACCEL_XOUTH_REG 0X3B //加速度值,X轴高8位寄存器 #define MPU_ACCEL_XOUTL_REG 0X3C //加速度值,X轴低8位寄存器 #define MPU_ACCEL_YOUTH_REG 0X3D //加速度值,Y轴高8位寄存器 #define MPU_ACCEL_YOUTL_REG 0X3E //加速度值,Y轴低8位寄存器 #define MPU_ACCEL_ZOUTH_REG 0X3F //加速度值,Z轴高8位寄存器 #define MPU_ACCEL_ZOUTL_REG 0X40 //加速度值,Z轴低8位寄存器 #define MPU_TEMP_OUTH_REG 0X41 //温度值高八位寄存器 #define MPU_TEMP_OUTL_REG 0X42 //温度值低8位寄存器 #define MPU_GYRO_XOUTH_REG 0X43 //陀螺仪值,X轴高8位寄存器 #define MPU_GYRO_XOUTL_REG 0X44 //陀螺仪值,X轴低8位寄存器 #define MPU_GYRO_YOUTH_REG 0X45 //陀螺仪值,Y轴高8位寄存器 #define MPU_GYRO_YOUTL_REG 0X46 //陀螺仪值,Y轴低8位寄存器 #define MPU_GYRO_ZOUTH_REG 0X47 //陀螺仪值,Z轴高8位寄存器 #define MPU_GYRO_ZOUTL_REG 0X48 //陀螺仪值,Z轴低8位寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV0_DO_REG 0X63 //IIC从机0数据寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV1_DO_REG 0X64 //IIC从机1数据寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV2_DO_REG 0X65 //IIC从机2数据寄存器 #define MPU_I2CSLV3_DO_REG 0X66 //IIC从机3数据寄存器 #define MPU_I2CMST_DELAY_REG 0X67 //IIC主机延时管理寄存器 #define MPU_SIGPATH_RST_REG 0X68 //信号通道复位寄存器 #define MPU_MDETECT_CTRL_REG 0X69 //运动检测控制寄存器 #define MPU_USER_CTRL_REG 0X6A //用户控制寄存器 #define MPU_PWR_MGMT1_REG 0X6B //电源管理寄存器1 #define MPU_PWR_MGMT2_REG 0X6C //电源管理寄存器2 #define MPU_FIFO_CNTH_REG 0X72 //FIFO计数寄存器高八位 #define MPU_FIFO_CNTL_REG 0X73 //FIFO计数寄存器低八位 #define MPU_FIFO_RW_REG 0X74 //FIFO读写寄存器 #define MPU_DEVICE_ID_REG 0X75 //器件ID寄存器 #endif 再看下device部分文件,可惜设备树还没弄好,麻烦啊……
mpu_dev.c文件: #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include static struct i2c_board_info mpu6050_info = { I2C_BOARD_INFO("mpu6050", 0X68),//接地为0X68 接高电平为0X69 }; static struct i2c_client *mpu6050_client; static int I2C_mpu6050_init(void) { struct i2c_adapter *i2c_adap; i2c_adap = i2c_get_adapter(0); mpu6050_client = i2c_new_device(i2c_adap, &mpu6050_info); i2c_put_adapter(i2c_adap); return 0; } static void I2C_mpu6050_exit(void) { i2c_unregister_device(mpu6050_client); } module_init(I2C_mpu6050_init); module_exit(I2C_mpu6050_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("kite");/*modinfo my_keyboard.ko*/ MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A mpu6050 Module for testing module "); MODULE_VERSION("V1.0"); 因为是接在i2c0上,所以是获取adapter0,同时写上i2c器件的地址0x68。 再接着当然是driver部分了:
mpu_drv.c文件: #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "mpu6050.h" /* 1. 确定主设备号 */ static int major; static struct cdev mpu6050_cdev; static struct class *cls; static struct i2c_client * mpu6050_client; static int mpu6050_read_len(struct i2c_client * client, unsigned char reg_add , unsigned char len, unsigned char *buf) { int ret; /* 要读取的那个寄存器的地址 */ char txbuf = reg_add; struct i2c_msg msg[] = { {client->addr, 0, 1, &txbuf}, //0表示写, {client->addr, I2C_M_RD, len, buf}, //读数据 }; /* 通过i2c_transfer函数操作msg */ ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 2); //执行2条msg if (ret < 0) { printk("i2c_transfer read err "); return -1; } return 0; } static int mpu6050_read_byte(struct i2c_client * client, unsigned char reg_add) { int ret; /* 要读取的那个寄存器的地址 */ char txbuf = reg_add; /* 用来接收读到的数据 */ char rxbuf[1]; /* i2c_msg指明要操作的从机地址,方向,长度,缓冲区 */ struct i2c_msg msg[] = { {client->addr, 0, 1, &txbuf}, //0表示写, {client->addr, I2C_M_RD, 1, rxbuf}, //读数据 }; /* 通过i2c_transfer函数操作msg */ ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 2); //执行2条msg if (ret < 0) { printk("i2c_transfer read err "); return -1; } return rxbuf[0]; } static int mpu6050_write_byte(struct i2c_client * client, unsigned char reg_addr, unsigned char data) { int ret; /* 要写的那个寄存器的地址和要写的数据 */ char txbuf[] = {reg_addr, data}; struct i2c_msg msg[] = { {client->addr, 0, 2, txbuf}//0表示写 }; ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, 1); if (ret < 0) { printk("i2c_transfer write err "); return -1; } return 0; } static int mpu6050_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { char res; printk("%s called ", __func__); mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_PWR_MGMT1_REG, 0X80);/*复位MPU6050*/ mdelay(100); mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_PWR_MGMT1_REG, 0X00); mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_GYRO_CFG_REG, 3<<3);/*陀螺仪传感器,±2000dps*/ mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_ACCEL_CFG_REG, 0<<3);/*加速度传感器,±2g*/ mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_SAMPLE_RATE_REG, 1000 /50-1);/*设置采样率50Hz*/ mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_CFG_REG, 4);/*自动设置LPF为采样率的一半*/ mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_INT_EN_REG, 0X00);/*关闭所有中断*/ mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_USER_CTRL_REG, 0X00);/*I2C主模式关闭*/ mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_FIFO_EN_REG, 0X00);/*关闭FIFO*/ mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_INTBP_CFG_REG, 0X80);/*INT引脚低电平有效*/ res = mpu6050_read_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_DEVICE_ID_REG); mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_CFG_REG, 3);//设置数字低通滤波器 if (res == MPU_ADDR)//器件ID正确 { printk("I2C ID is right ! "); mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_PWR_MGMT1_REG, 0X01); /*设置CLKSEL,PLL X轴为参考*/ mpu6050_write_byte(mpu6050_client, MPU_PWR_MGMT2_REG, 0X00); /*加速度与陀螺仪都工作*/ return 0; } printk("failed !I2C ID is error ! "); return 0; } static ssize_t mpu6050_read(struct file * file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *off) { char val; unsigned char rxbuf[6], res; copy_from_user(&val, buf, 1); res = mpu6050_read_len(mpu6050_client, MPU_ACCEL_XOUTH_REG, 6 , rxbuf); if (res == 0)/* 加速度计原始数据 */ { printk("ax = %d ", ((u16)rxbuf[0] << 8) | rxbuf[1]); printk("ay = %d ", ((u16)rxbuf[2] << 8) | rxbuf[3]); printk("az = %d ", ((u16)rxbuf[4] << 8) | rxbuf[5]); } res = mpu6050_read_len(mpu6050_client, MPU_GYRO_XOUTH_REG, 6 , rxbuf); if (res == 0)/*陀螺仪原始数据*/ { printk("gx = %d ", ((u16)rxbuf[0] << 8) | rxbuf[1]); printk("gy = %d ", ((u16)rxbuf[2] << 8) | rxbuf[3]); printk("gz = %d ", ((u16)rxbuf[4] << 8) | rxbuf[5]); } return 0; } static ssize_t mpu6050_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t count , loff_t * ppos) { return 0; } static long mpu6050_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) { return 0; } /* 2. 构造file_operations */ static struct file_operations mpu6050_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .open = mpu6050_open, .read = mpu6050_read, .write = mpu6050_write, .unlocked_ioctl = mpu6050_ioctl, }; static int mpu6050_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id) { int res; struct device *mpu6050_res; dev_t devid; mpu6050_client = client; /* 3. 告诉内核 */ #if 0 major = register_chrdev(0, "hello", &hello_fops); /* (major, 0), (major, 1), ..., (major, 255)都对应hello_fops */ #else /*仅仅是注册设备号*/ if (major) { devid = MKDEV(major, 0); register_chrdev_region(devid, 1, "mpu6050"); /* (major,0) 对应 pwm_fops, (major, 1~255)都不对应pwm_fops */ } else { alloc_chrdev_region(&devid, 0, 1, "mpu6050"); /* (major,0) 对应 pwm_fops, (major, 1~255)都不对应pwm_fops */ major = MAJOR(devid); } cdev_init(&mpu6050_cdev, &mpu6050_fops); res=cdev_add(&mpu6050_cdev, devid, 1); if(res) { printk("cdev_add failed "); unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, 0), 1); return 0; } #endif cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "mpu6050"); mpu6050_res = device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "mpu6050"); /* /dev/xxx */ if (IS_ERR(mpu6050_res)) { printk("device_create failed "); return 0; } return 0; } static int mpu6050_remove(struct i2c_client *client) { device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 0));//class_device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major, 0)); class_destroy(cls); cdev_del(&mpu6050_cdev); unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(major, 0), 1); return 0; } static const struct i2c_device_id mpu6050_id[] = { { "mpu6050", 0}, {} }; struct i2c_driver mpu6050_driver = { .driver = { .name = "mpu6050", .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, .probe = mpu6050_probe, .remove = mpu6050_remove, .id_table = mpu6050_id, }; static int I2C_mpu6050_init(void) { return i2c_add_driver(&mpu6050_driver); } static void I2C_mpu6050_exit(void) { return i2c_del_driver(&mpu6050_driver); } module_init(I2C_mpu6050_init); module_exit(I2C_mpu6050_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_AUTHOR("kite");/*modinfo my_keyboard.ko*/ MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A i2c-mpu6050 Module for testing module "); MODULE_VERSION("V1.0"); 如果理解了之前讲的i2c框架,这部分就很好理解咯。
i2c设备的读写函数都是用到了i2c_transfer函数。 最后就是应用程序咯:
mpu6050_test.c: #include #include #include #include #include #include int main(int argc, char **argv) { int fd; char val; fd = open("/dev/mpu6050", O_RDWR); if (fd < 0) printf("can't open /dev/pwm "); else printf("can open /dev/pwm "); read(fd, &val, 1); return 0; } 很简单的i2c引用,再此小试牛刀了。 后记,编写i2c驱动时,可以善用i2ctools,具体的可以去网上了解下:
cd /sys/bus/i2c/devices/
i2cdetect -y 0
这样可以看到挂在i2c总线0下的所以i2c器件地址。
i2cdump -f -y 0 0x68
可以看到i2c总线0下的0x68地址的器件的寄存器内容