新版linux系统设备架构中关于电源管理方式的变更
based on linux-2.6.32
一、设备模型各数据结构中电源管理的部分
linux的设备模型通过诸多结构体来联合描述,如struct
device,struct device_type,struct class,
struct device_driver,struct bus_type等。
@kernel/include/linux/devices.h中有这几中结构体的定义,这里只列出和PM有关的项,其余查看源码:
struct device{
...
struct
dev_pm_info power;
...
}
struct device_type {
...
int
(*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
char
*(*devnode)(struct device *dev, mode_t *mode);
void
(*release)(struct device *dev);
const struct
dev_pm_ops *pm;
};
struct class {
...
void
(*class_release)(struct class *class);
void
(*dev_release)(struct device *dev);
int
(*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int
(*resume)(struct device *dev);
const struct
dev_pm_ops *pm;
...
};
struct device_driver {
...
int (*probe)
(struct device *dev);
int (*remove)
(struct device *dev);
void
(*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
int
(*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume)
(struct device *dev);
const struct
dev_pm_ops *pm;
...
};
struct bus_type {
...
int
(*match)(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv);
int
(*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
int
(*probe)(struct device *dev);
int
(*remove)(struct device *dev);
void
(*shutdown)(struct device *dev);
int
(*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int
(*resume)(struct device *dev);
const
struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
...
};
以上可以看出和电源管理相关的两个结构体是struct
dev_pm_info和struct dev_pm_ops,他们定义于文件
@kernel/include/linux/pm.h
struct dev_pm_info {
pm_message_t power_state;
unsigned
int can_wakeup:1;
unsigned
int should_wakeup:1;
enum
dpm_state status;
#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
struct
list_head entry;
#endif
#ifdef
CONFIG_PM_RUNTIME //
undef
struct
timer_list suspend_timer;
unsigned
long timer_expires;
struct
work_struct work;
wait_queue_head_t wait_queue;
spinlock_t lock;
atomic_t usage_count;
atomic_t child_count;
unsigned
int disable_depth:3;
unsigned
int ignore_children:1;
unsigned
int idle_notification:1;
unsigned
int request_pending:1;
unsigned
int deferred_resume:1;
enum
rpm_request request;
enum
rpm_status runtime_status;
int runtime_error;
#endif
};
struct dev_pm_ops {
int
(*prepare)(struct device *dev);
void
(*complete)(struct device *dev);
int
(*suspend)(struct device *dev);
int
(*resume)(struct device *dev);
int
(*freeze)(struct device *dev);
int
(*thaw)(struct device *dev);
int
(*poweroff)(struct device *dev);
int
(*restore)(struct device *dev);
int
(*suspend_noirq)(struct device *dev);
int
(*resume_noirq)(struct device *dev);
int
(*freeze_noirq)(struct device *dev);
int
(*thaw_noirq)(struct device *dev);
int
(*poweroff_noirq)(struct device *dev);
int
(*restore_noirq)(struct device *dev);
int
(*runtime_suspend)(struct device *dev);
int
(*runtime_resume)(struct device *dev);
int
(*runtime_idle)(struct device *dev);
};
二、device中的dev_pm_info结构体
device结构体中的power项用来将该设备纳入电源管理的范围,记录电源管理的一些信息。
在注册设备的时候调用函数device_add()来向sysfs系统添加power接口和注册进电源管理系统,代码片段如下:
...
error =
dpm_sysfs_add(dev); @kernel/drivers/base/power/sysfs.c
if (error)
goto
DPMError;
device_pm_add(dev); @kernel/drivers/base/power/main.c
...
其中dpm_sysfs_add()函数用来向sysfs文件系统中添加相应设备的power接口文件,如注册mt6516_tpd
paltform device的时候,会在sysfs中出现如下目录和文件:
#pwd
/sys/devices/platform/mt6516-tpd
#cd mt6516-tpd
#ls -l
-rw-r--r--
root
root
4096 2010-01-02 06:35 uevent
-r--r--r--
root
root
4096 2010-01-02 06:39 modalias
lrwxrwxrwx
root
root
2010-01-02 06:39 subsystem -> ../../../bus/platform
drwxr-xr-x
root
root
2010-01-02 06:35 power
lrwxrwxrwx
root
root
2010-01-02 06:39 driver ->
../../../bus/platform/drivers/mt6516-tpd
#cd power
#ls -l
-rw-r--r--
root
root
4096 2010-01-02 06:39 wakeup
源码片段:
static DEVICE_ATTR(wakeup,
0644, wake_show, wake_store);
static
struct attribute * power_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_wakeup.attr,
NULL,
};
static struct attribute_group
pm_attr_group = {
.name =
"power", //
attribute_group结构体的name域不为NULL的话,都会已name建立一个属性目录的
.attrs =
power_attrs,
};
int dpm_sysfs_add(struct device
* dev)
{
return
sysfs_create_group(&dev->kobj,
&pm_attr_group); //在当前device的kobject结构体对应的目录下建立
}
其中的device_pm_add()函数会将该设备插入到电源管理的核心链表dpm_list中统一管理。
值得一提的是,在函数device_initialize()会调用函数device_pm_init()来初始化该device结构体的power域:
dev->power.status =
DPM_ON;
void device_pm_add(struct
device *dev)
{
...
mutex_lock(&dpm_list_mtx);
if
(dev->parent) {
if
(dev->parent->power.status >=
DPM_SUSPENDING)
//
如果某设备处于DPM_SUSPENDING极其之后的状态,此时不允许以该设备为父设备注册子设备
dev_warn(dev,
"parent %s should not be sleeping/n",
dev_name(dev->parent));
} else if
(transition_started) { // transition_started全局变量包含在PM
transition期间不允许注册设备
dev_WARN(dev,
"Parentless device registered during a PM transaction/n");
}
list_add_tail(&dev->power.entry,
&dpm_list); //
将device结构体通过power.entry项链接进dpm_list
mutex_unlock(&dpm_list_mtx);
}
void device_pm_remove(struct
device *dev)
{
...
mutex_lock(&dpm_list_mtx);
list_del_init(&dev->power.entry);
mutex_unlock(&dpm_list_mtx);
pm_runtime_remove(dev);
}
举例说明:
我们熟知的platform
bus在系统中也是作为一种设备注册进了系统,在sysfs文件系统中的位置是:
/sys/devices/platform。使用函数device_register(&platform_bus)进行注册,调用device_add()函数,
注册ok之后,也会出现目录/sys/devices/platform/power。最后也会将其添加进dpm_list中。
i2c控制器外设代表的设备是注册在platform总线上的,也就是说它的父设备是platform。
最终在platform_device_add()中会调用函数device_add()函数来添加设备,最终也会在mt6516-i2c.0/
mt6516-i2c.1/mt6516-i2c.2中出现一个power目录,同时这3个platform设备会依靠
platform_device.dev.power.entry连接件链接到电源管理核心链表dpm_list中。
/sys/devices/platform/mt6516-i2c.2/power
每一个i2c控制器都会在系统中至少注册成一个适配器(adapter),该结构体将会间接提供给i2c设备的驱动来使用,以避免直接使用i2c控制器结构体。这个适配器没有对应的driver,在错综复杂的i2c架构中,相对于只起到了一个承上启下的作用,上接i2c控制器的结构体及driver,下接i2c设备的结构体i2c_client和特点的driver。adapter.dev.parent为i2c控制器对应的device,所以就会出现名为i2c-0/1/2的设备kobject,只是该设备的bus总线和device_type是:
adap->dev.bus =
&i2c_bus_type;
adap->dev.type =
&i2c_adapter_type;
然后调用函数device_register(&adap->dev);来注册这个device,所以在对应的i2c-0/1/2目录下也会出现power目录。
/sys/devices/platform/mt6516-i2c.2/i2c-2/power
i2c设备会通过自动检测或者事先静态描述的方式来注册进系统,不管什么方式,都会调用到函数:i2c_new_device()
struct
i2c_client *client;
client->dev.parent =
&client->adapter->dev;
client->dev.bus =
&i2c_bus_type;
client->dev.type =
&i2c_client_type;
dev_set_name(&client->dev,
"%d-x", i2c_adapter_id(adap),
client->addr);
status =
device_register(&client->dev);
可以看得出来名字是什么了,例如:2-00aa
#ls -l
/sys/devices/platform/mt6516-i2c.2/i2c-2/2-00aa
-rw-r--r--
root
root
4096 2010-01-02 06:35 uevent
-r--r--r--
root
root
4096 2010-01-02 06:38 name
-r--r--r--
root
root
4096 2010-01-02 06:38 modalias
lrwxrwxrwx
root
root
2010-01-02 06:38 subsystem -> ../../../../../bus/i2c
drwxr-xr-x
root
root
2010-01-02 06:35 power
lrwxrwxrwx
root
root
2010-01-02 06:38 driver ->
../../../../../bus/i2c/drivers/mt6516-tpd
三、bus_type、device_driver、device_type、class中的dev_pm_ops方法结构体
在新的linux内核中,已不再有subsystem数据结构了,他的功能被kset代替。
全局变量bus_kset初始化:kernel_init()-->do_basic_setup()-->driver_init()-->buses_init()
bus_kset =
kset_create_and_add("bus", &bus_uevent_ops, NULL);
1.
总线类型结构体:bus_type,以platform和i2c总线为例:
@kernel/drivers/base/platform.c
static const struct dev_pm_ops
platform_dev_pm_ops = {
.prepare =
platform_pm_prepare, //
.complete =
platform_pm_complete, //
.suspend =
platform_pm_suspend, //
.resume =
platform_pm_resume, //
.freeze =
platform_pm_freeze,
.thaw =
platform_pm_thaw,
.poweroff =
platform_pm_poweroff, //
.restore =
platform_pm_restore,
.suspend_noirq
= platform_pm_suspend_noirq,
.resume_noirq
= platform_pm_resume_noirq,
.freeze_noirq
= platform_pm_freeze_noirq,
.thaw_noirq =
platform_pm_thaw_noirq,
.poweroff_noirq
= platform_pm_poweroff_noirq,
.restore_noirq
= platform_pm_restore_noirq,
.runtime_suspend
= platform_pm_runtime_suspend,
.runtime_resume
= platform_pm_runtime_resume,
.runtime_idle
= platform_pm_runtime_idle,
};
struct bus_type
platform_bus_type = {
.name =
"platform",
.dev_attrs =
platform_dev_attrs,
.match =
platform_match,
.uevent =
platform_uevent,
.pm =
&platform_dev_pm_ops,
};
从上面的dev_pm_ops结构体中拿出最普遍使用的函数指针来说明一下,对于bus_type它的电源管理是如何实现的。
static int
platform_pm_prepare(struct device *dev)
{
struct
device_driver *drv = dev->driver;
int ret =
0;
if (drv
&& drv->pm && drv->pm->prepare)
ret
= drv->pm->prepare(dev);
return
ret;
}
static void
platform_pm_complete(struct device *dev)
{
struct
device_driver *drv = dev->driver;
if (drv
&& drv->pm && drv->pm->complete)
drv->pm->complete(dev);
}
可以看出这两个函数都最终是利用了device_driver结构体中的dev_pm_ops函数方法结构体中的对应函数指针。
////////////////////////////////////////////
static int
platform_legacy_suspend(struct device *dev, pm_message_t
mesg)
{
struct
platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(dev->driver);
struct
platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
int ret =
0;
if
(dev->driver && pdrv->suspend)
ret
= pdrv->suspend(pdev, mesg);
return
ret;
}
static int
platform_legacy_resume(struct device *dev)
{
struct
platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(dev->driver);
struct
platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
int ret =
0;
if
(dev->driver && pdrv->resume)
ret
= pdrv->resume(pdev);
return
ret;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////
static int
platform_pm_suspend(struct device *dev)
{
struct
device_driver *drv = dev->driver;
int ret =
0;
if
(!drv)
return
0;