Linux进程管理之task_struct结构体(下)

2019-07-14 12:20发布

    9、进程地址空间  struct mm_struct *mm, *active_mm; #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK unsigned brk_randomized:1; #endif #if defined(SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING) struct task_rss_stat rss_stat; #endif     mm指向进程所拥有的内存描述符,而active_mm指向进程运行时所使用的内存描述符。对于普通进程而言,这两个指针变量的值相同。但是,内核线程不拥有任何内存描述符,所以它们的mm成员总是为NULL。当内核线程得以运行时,它的active_mm成员被初始化为前一个运行进程的active_mm值。     brk_randomized的用法在http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1104.1/00196.html上有介绍,用来确定对随机堆内存的探测。     rss_stat用来记录缓冲信息。      10、判断标志  int exit_code, exit_signal; int pdeath_signal; /* The signal sent when the parent dies */ /* ??? */ unsigned int personality; unsigned did_exec:1; unsigned in_execve:1; /* Tell the LSMs that the process is doing an * execve */ unsigned in_iowait:1; /* Revert to default priority/policy when forking */ unsigned sched_reset_on_fork:1;     exit_code用于设置进程的终止代号,这个值要么是_exit()或exit_group()系统调用参数(正常终止),要么是由内核提供的一个错误代号(异常终止)。     exit_signal被置为-1时表示是某个线程组中的一员。只有当线程组的最后一个成员终止时,才会产生一个信号,以通知线程组的领头进程的父进程。     pdeath_signal用于判断父进程终止时发送信号。     personality用于处理不同的ABI,它的可能取值如下:  enum { PER_LINUX = 0x0000, PER_LINUX_32BIT = 0x0000 | ADDR_LIMIT_32BIT, PER_LINUX_FDPIC = 0x0000 | FDPIC_FUNCPTRS, PER_SVR4 = 0x0001 | STICKY_TIMEOUTS | MMAP_PAGE_ZERO, PER_SVR3 = 0x0002 | STICKY_TIMEOUTS | SHORT_INODE, PER_SCOSVR3 = 0x0003 | STICKY_TIMEOUTS | WHOLE_SECONDS | SHORT_INODE, PER_OSR5 = 0x0003 | STICKY_TIMEOUTS | WHOLE_SECONDS, PER_WYSEV386 = 0x0004 | STICKY_TIMEOUTS | SHORT_INODE, PER_ISCR4 = 0x0005 | STICKY_TIMEOUTS, PER_BSD = 0x0006, PER_SUNOS = 0x0006 | STICKY_TIMEOUTS, PER_XENIX = 0x0007 | STICKY_TIMEOUTS | SHORT_INODE, PER_LINUX32 = 0x0008, PER_LINUX32_3GB = 0x0008 | ADDR_LIMIT_3GB, PER_IRIX32 = 0x0009 | STICKY_TIMEOUTS,/* IRIX5 32-bit */ PER_IRIXN32 = 0x000a | STICKY_TIMEOUTS,/* IRIX6 new 32-bit */ PER_IRIX64 = 0x000b | STICKY_TIMEOUTS,/* IRIX6 64-bit */ PER_RISCOS = 0x000c, PER_SOLARIS = 0x000d | STICKY_TIMEOUTS, PER_UW7 = 0x000e | STICKY_TIMEOUTS | MMAP_PAGE_ZERO, PER_OSF4 = 0x000f, /* OSF/1 v4 */ PER_HPUX = 0x0010, PER_MASK = 0x00ff, };     did_exec用于记录进程代码是否被execve()函数所执行。     in_execve用于通知LSM是否被do_execve()函数所调用。详见补丁说明:http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0901.1/00014.html。     in_iowait用于判断是否进行iowait计数。     sched_reset_on_fork用于判断是否恢复默认的优先级或调度策略。     11、时间  cputime_t utime, stime, utimescaled, stimescaled; cputime_t gtime; #ifndef CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING cputime_t prev_utime, prev_stime; #endif unsigned long nvcsw, nivcsw; /* context switch counts */ struct timespec start_time; /* monotonic time */ struct timespec real_start_time; /* boot based time */ struct task_cputime cputime_expires; struct list_head cpu_timers[3]; #ifdef CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK /* hung task detection */ unsigned long last_switch_count; #endif     utime/stime用于记录进程在用户态/内核态下所经过的节拍数(定时器)。prev_utime/prev_stime是先前的运行时间,请参考补丁说明http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1003.3/02431.html。     utimescaled/stimescaled也是用于记录进程在用户态/内核态的运行时间,但它们以处理器的频率为刻度。     gtime是以节拍计数的虚拟机运行时间(guest time)。     nvcsw/nivcsw是自愿(voluntary)/非自愿(involuntary)上下文切换计数。last_switch_count是nvcsw和nivcsw的总和。     start_time和real_start_time都是进程创建时间,real_start_time还包含了进程睡眠时间,常用于/proc/pid/stat,补丁说明请参考http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0705.0/2094.html。     cputime_expires用来统计进程或进程组被跟踪的处理器时间,其中的三个成员对应着cpu_timers[3]的三个链表。     12、信号处理  /* signal handlers */ struct signal_struct *signal; struct sighand_struct *sighand; sigset_t blocked, real_blocked; sigset_t saved_sigmask; /* restored if set_restore_sigmask() was used */ struct sigpending pending; unsigned long sas_ss_sp; size_t sas_ss_size; int (*notifier)(void *priv); void *notifier_data; sigset_t *notifier_mask;     signal指向进程的信号描述符。     sighand指向进程的信号处理程序描述符。     blocked表示被阻塞信号的掩码,real_blocked表示临时掩码。     pending存放私有挂起信号的数据结构。     sas_ss_sp是信号处理程序备用堆栈的地址,sas_ss_size表示堆栈的大小。     设备驱动程序常用notifier指向的函数来阻塞进程的某些信号(notifier_mask是这些信号的位掩码),notifier_data指的是notifier所指向的函数可能使用的数据。     13、其他     (1)、用于保护资源分配或释放的自旋锁  /* Protection of (de-)allocation: mm, files, fs, tty, keyrings, mems_allowed, * mempolicy */ spinlock_t alloc_lock;     (2)、进程描述符使用计数,被置为2时,表示进程描述符正在被使用而且其相应的进程处于活动状态。  atomic_t usage;     (3)、用于表示获取大内核锁的次数,如果进程未获得过锁,则置为-1。  int lock_depth; /* BKL lock depth */     (4)、在SMP上帮助实现无加锁的进程切换(unlocked context switches)  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP #ifdef __ARCH_WANT_UNLOCKED_CTXSW int oncpu; #endif #endif     (5)、preempt_notifier结构体链表  #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_NOTIFIERS /* list of struct preempt_notifier: */ struct hlist_head preempt_notifiers; #endif     (6)、FPU使用计数  unsigned char fpu_counter;     (7)、blktrace是一个针对Linux内核中块设备I/O层的跟踪工具。  #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_IO_TRACE unsigned int btrace_seq; #endif     (8)、RCU同步原语  #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU int rcu_read_lock_nesting; char rcu_read_unlock_special; struct list_head rcu_node_entry; #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */ #ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU struct rcu_node *rcu_blocked_node; #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU */ #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST struct rt_mutex *rcu_boost_mutex; #endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST */     (9)、用于调度器统计进程的运行信息  #if defined(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS) || defined(CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT) struct sched_info sched_info; #endif     (10)、用于构建进程链表  struct list_head tasks;     (11)、to limit pushing to one attempt  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP struct plist_node pushable_tasks; #endif     补丁说明请参考:http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0808.3/0503.html     (12)、防止内核堆栈溢出  #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR /* Canary value for the -fstack-protector gcc feature */ unsigned long stack_canary; #endif     在GCC编译内核时,需要加上-fstack-protector选项。     (13)、PID散列表和链表  /* PID/PID hash table linkage. */ struct pid_link pids[PIDTYPE_MAX]; struct list_head thread_group; //线程组中所有进程的链表     (14)、do_fork函数  struct completion *vfork_done; /* for vfork() */ int __user *set_child_tid; /* CLONE_CHILD_SETTID */ int __user *clear_child_tid; /* CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID */     在执行do_fork()时,如果给定特别标志,则vfork_done会指向一个特殊地址。     如果copy_process函数的clone_flags参数的值被置为CLONE_CHILD_SETTID或CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID,则会把child_tidptr参数的值分别复制到set_child_tid和clear_child_tid成员。这些标志说明必须改变子进程用户态地址空间的child_tidptr所指向的变量的值。     (15)、缺页统计  /* mm fault and swap info: this can arguably be seen as either mm-specific or thread-specific */ unsigned long min_flt, maj_flt;     (16)、进程权能  const struct cred __rcu *real_cred; /* objective and real subjective task * credentials (COW) */ const struct cred __rcu *cred; /* effective (overridable) subjective task * credentials (COW) */ struct cred *replacement_session_keyring; /* for KEYCTL_SESSION_TO_PARENT */     (17)、相应的程序名  char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN];     (18)、文件  /* file system info */ int link_count, total_link_count; /* filesystem information */ struct fs_struct *fs; /* open file information */ struct files_struct *files;     fs用来表示进程与文件系统的联系,包括当前目录和根目录。     files表示进程当前打开的文件。     (19)、进程通信(SYSVIPC)  #ifdef CONFIG_SYSVIPC /* ipc stuff */ struct sysv_sem sysvsem; #endif     (20)、处理器特有数据  /* CPU-specific state of this task */ struct thread_struct thread;     (21)、命名空间  /* namespaces */ struct nsproxy *nsproxy;     (22)、进程审计  struct audit_context *audit_context; #ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL uid_t loginuid; unsigned int sessionid; #endif     (23)、secure computing  seccomp_t seccomp;     (24)、用于copy_process函数使用CLONE_PARENT 标记时  /* Thread group tracking */ u32 parent_exec_id; u32 self_exec_id;     (25)、中断  #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS /* IRQ handler threads */ struct irqaction *irqaction; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS unsigned int irq_events; unsigned long hardirq_enable_ip; unsigned long hardirq_disable_ip; unsigned int hardirq_enable_event; unsigned int hardirq_disable_event; int hardirqs_enabled; int hardirq_context; unsigned long softirq_disable_ip; unsigned long softirq_enable_ip; unsigned int softirq_disable_event; unsigned int softirq_enable_event; int softirqs_enabled; int softirq_context; #endif     (26)、task_rq_lock函数所使用的锁  /* Protection of the PI data structures: */ raw_spinlock_t pi_lock;     (27)、基于PI协议的等待互斥锁,其中PI指的是priority inheritance(优先级继承)  #ifdef CONFIG_RT_MUTEXES /* PI waiters blocked on a rt_mutex held by this task */ struct plist_head pi_waiters; /* Deadlock detection and priority inheritance handling */ struct rt_mutex_waiter *pi_blocked_on; #endif     (28)、死锁检测  #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES /* mutex deadlock detection */ struct mutex_waiter *blocked_on; #endif     (29)、lockdep,参见内核说明文档linux-2.6.38.8/Documentation/lockdep-design.txt  #ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP # define MAX_LOCK_DEPTH 48UL u64 curr_chain_key; int lockdep_depth; unsigned int lockdep_recursion; struct held_lock held_locks[MAX_LOCK_DEPTH]; gfp_t lockdep_reclaim_gfp; #endif     (30)、JFS文件系统  /* journalling filesystem info */ void *journal_info;     (31)、块设备链表  /* stacked block device info */ struct bio_list *bio_list;     (32)、内存回收  struct reclaim_state *reclaim_state;     (33)、存放块设备I/O数据流量信息 struct backing_dev_info *backing_dev_info;    (34)、I/O调度器所使用的信息  struct io_context *io_context;     (35)、记录进程的I/O计数  struct task_io_accounting ioac; #if defined(CONFIG_TASK_XACCT) u64 acct_rss_mem1; /* accumulated rss usage */ u64 acct_vm_mem1; /* accumulated virtual memory usage */ cputime_t acct_timexpd; /* stime + utime since last update */ #endif     在Ubuntu 11.04上,执行cat获得进程1的I/O计数如下:  $ sudo cat /proc/1/iorchar: 164258906 wchar: 455212837 syscr: 388847 syscw: 92563 read_bytes: 439251968 write_bytes: 14143488 cancelled_write_bytes: 2134016     输出的数据项刚好是task_io_accounting结构体的所有成员。     (36)、CPUSET功能  #ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS nodemask_t mems_allowed; /* Protected by alloc_lock */ int mems_allowed_change_disable; int cpuset_mem_spread_rotor; int cpuset_slab_spread_rotor; #endif     (37)、Control Groups  #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS /* Control Group info protected by css_set_lock */ struct css_set __rcu *cgroups; /* cg_list protected by css_set_lock and tsk->alloc_lock */ struct list_head cg_list; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR /* memcg uses this to do batch job */ struct memcg_batch_info { int do_batch; /* incremented when batch uncharge started */ struct mem_cgroup *memcg; /* target memcg of uncharge */ unsigned long bytes; /* uncharged usage */ unsigned long memsw_bytes; /* uncharged mem+swap usage */ } memcg_batch; #endif     (38)、futex同步机制  #ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX struct robust_list_head __user *robust_list; #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT struct compat_robust_list_head __user *compat_robust_list; #endif struct list_head pi_state_list; struct futex_pi_state *pi_state_cache; #endif     (39)、非一致内存访问(NUMA  Non-Uniform Memory Access)  #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA struct mempolicy *mempolicy; /* Protected by alloc_lock */ short il_next; #endif     (40)、文件系统互斥资源  atomic_t fs_excl; /* holding fs exclusive resources */     (41)、RCU链表  struct rcu_head rcu;     (42)、管道  struct pipe_inode_info *splice_pipe;     (43)、延迟计数  #ifdef CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT struct task_delay_info *delays; #endif     (44)、fault injection,参考内核说明文件linux-2.6.38.8/Documentation/fault-injection/fault-injection.txt  #ifdef CONFIG_FAULT_INJECTION int make_it_fail; #endif     (45)、FLoating proportions  struct prop_local_single dirties;     (46)、Infrastructure for displayinglatency  #ifdef CONFIG_LATENCYTOP int latency_record_count; struct latency_record latency_record[LT_SAVECOUNT]; #endif     (47)、time slack values,常用于poll和select函数  unsigned long timer_slack_ns; unsigned long default_timer_slack_ns;     (48)、socket控制消息(control message)  struct list_head *scm_work_list;     (49)、ftrace跟踪器  #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_GRAPH_TRACER /* Index of current stored address in ret_stack */ int curr_ret_stack; /* Stack of return addresses for return function tracing */ struct ftrace_ret_stack *ret_stack; /* time stamp for last schedule */ unsigned long long ftrace_timestamp; /* * Number of functions that haven't been traced * because of depth overrun. */ atomic_t trace_overrun; /* Pause for the tracing */ atomic_t tracing_graph_pause; #endif #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING /* state flags for use by tracers */ unsigned long trace; /* bitmask of trace recursion */ unsigned long trace_recursion; #endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */